View source for Principality of Hungary

{{Infobox
|Name = {{i|Principality of Hungary}} Grand Principality of Hungary {{i|Principality of Hungary}}
|NativeName = {{ILSize|HungarianL-icon.png|Hungarian Language}}: Magyar Nagyfejedelemség
|founded = c. 895
|predicon = Magyars
|onlypredecessor = Etelköz
|ended = 1000
|nexticon = KOHungary1000
|onlysuccessor = Medieval Kingdom of Hungary
|image = Principality of Hungary.png
|Caption =
|Alias = Duchy of Hungary
|Time of Exist = c. 895 - 25 December 1000/1 January 1001
|Government = {{i|Diarchy}} [[Diarchy|Gyula-Kende Sacred Diarchy]] (early)<br>{{i|Tribalism}} [[Tribalism|Tribal Confederation]]
|Languages = {{i|HungarianL}} [[Hungarian Language|Hungarian]]
|Affiliation = 
|Religions = {{SB}}{{i|Hungary}} [[Hungarian Religion|Hungarian Paganism]]<br>{{i|Slavic Religion}} [[Slavic Religion|Slavic Paganism]]<br>{{i|Tengrism}} [[Tengrism]]<br>{{i|Shamanism}} [[Shamanism]]<br>{{i|Christi}} [[Christianity]]
|Friends = 
|Enemies = {{SB}}{{i|1stBulgEmp}} [[First Bulgarian Empire]]<br>{{i|Byzantine}} [[Byzantine Empire]]<br>{{i|CaliCord}} [[Upper March]]<br>{{i|Frankish}} [[East Francia]]<br>{{i|HRE}} [[Holy Roman Empire]]
|Likes = {{i|War}} [[Warring]], raiding
|Dislikes = 
|Preceded = {{AL}}{{i|Magyars}} [[Etelköz]]<br>{{i|1stBulgEmp}} [[First Bulgarian Empire]]<br>{{i|AvarKhan}} [[Avar Khaganate]]
|Succeeded = {{i|KOHungary1000}} [[Medieval Kingdom of Hungary]]
|themecolor = #d70000
|textcolor = 
|Capital =
}}'''Grand Principality of Hungary''' (AKA '''Duchy of Hungary''') was a principality in medieval Europe. He was also the earliest documented {{i|Hungary}} [[Hungary|Hungarian]] state in the {{i|Plateau}} [[Pannonian Basin|Carpathian Basin]], and was established in 895 or 896, following the 9th century {{i|Magyars}} [[Magyars|Magyar]] invasion of the Carpathian Basin.

The principality as a warrior state with a new-found military might, and conducted vigorous raids ranging widely from {{i|Constantinople}} [[Constantinople]] to central {{i|CaliCord}} [[Upper March|Spain]].

== History ==
After settling in the {{i|Plateau}} [[Pannonian Basin|Carpathian Basin]], the {{i|Magyars}} [[Etelköz|Magyars]] established a loose political entity called the Principality of Hungary in c. 895. This was not yet a kingdom but rather a confederation of Magyar tribes led by a ruling prince (Grand Prince).

During this time, the Magyars engaged in numerous raids across Europe, reaching far and wide. Three major {{i|Frankish}} [[Francia|Frankish]] imperial armies were defeated decisively by the Hungarians between 907 and 910. These raids were known as Hungarian invasions of Europe.

Hungary then succeeded in extending the de jure {{i|Bavaria}} [[Bavaria|Bavarian]]-Hungarian border to the {{i|River}} [[River Enns]] (until 955), and he was not attacked from this direction for 100 years after the Battle of {{i|Bratislava}} [[Bratislava|Pressburg]]. 

Since Principality of Hungary shared a border with the {{i|ChristTheo}} [[Christian Theocracy|Christendom]], by the second half of the 10th century AD, Christianity has been widespread in Hungary as the German {{i|Catholicism}} [[Catholicism|Catholic]] missionaries arrived from {{i|Frankish}} [[East Francia]]. Between 945 and 963, the main office-holders of the Principality (the gyula and the horka<ref>Both of these terms are titles held by the Hungarian rulers.</ref>) agreed to convert to {{i|Christi}} [[Christianity]].

The intermittent Hungarian campaigns against Europe lasted until 970, but two military defeats in 955 at the Battle of {{i|Bavaria}} [[Lechfeld]] and in 970 at the Battle of {{i|Turkey}} [[Lüleburgaz|Arcadiopolis]] marked a shift in the evolution of the Hungarian principality.

In 973, Grand Prince of the Hungarians {{i|Catholicism}} [[Catholicism|Géza]] and all his household were baptized, and a formal peace concluded with the Holy Roman Emperor {{i|Feudalism}} [[Feudalism|Otto I]]; however he remained essentially {{i|Paganism}} [[Paganism|pagan]] even after his baptism: Géza had been educated by his father {{i|Militarism}} [[Militarism|Taksony of Hungary]] as a pagan prince. The first Hungarian {{i|Benedictines}} [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] monastery was founded in 996 by Prince Géza. During Géza's reign, Principality of Hungary conclusively renounced his nomadic way of life, and within a few decades of the Battle of Lechfeld, he became a Christian kingdom.

== Relationships ==
=== Frenemies ===
*{{i|Byzantine}} [[Byzantine Empire]] - He values gold and words as much as swords. He is also clever, always playing chess while the rest of us play war. Sometimes he paid me so I wouldn’t raid his clay. Other times, he offered me a seat at his fancy dinner tables. I’ll take their gold, but I don’t trust him one bit.

=== Enemies ===
*{{i|Frankish}} [[East Francia]] & {{i|HRE}} [[Holy Roman Empire]] - Arrogant, that's all I can say. {{i|Feudalism}} [[Feudalism|Otto I]] beat me once and now they look down at me like a barbarian that needs civilizing.

== How to draw ==
{{Flag|POHUNGARY FLAG.png|Magyar banner of the Conquest Era}}
{{DrawDif|medium}}
# Draw three long triangles stacked on top of each with their long point facing right
# Remove the overlapping lines in between
# Fill the shape with red
# Add eyes and teeth, finish!
{{FlagColour
|c1 = Red
|h1 = #D70000
}}

== Notes ==
<references />

[[Category:Characters]]
[[Category:Europe]]
[[Category:Historical]]
[[Category:Middle Ages]]