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== History == === Beginnings === <i>Main article: [[Lesser Ottoman Empire]]</i><br> The [[File:Kayi-icon.png]] [[Kayı Tribe]] served the [[File:RumSult-icon.png]] [[Sultanate of Rûm]]. The Ottoman Empire was established after [[File:Kayi-icon.png]] [[Kayı Tribe|Ertuğrul Bey]], the leader of the [[File:Kayi-icon.png]] [[Kayı Tribe]], died. His son, [[File:Ottoman-icon.png]] [[Absolute Monarchism|Osman I]], claimed leadership and formed the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman successfully annexed several Beyliks. The Ottomans began expanding westward, conquering the [[File:Karasid-icon.png]] [[Karasid Dynasty|Karasids]] and capturing their navy. They took advantage of [[File:Byzantine-icon.png]] [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] internal conflicts to control areas, which strained relations with the [[File:Byzantine-icon.png]] [[Byzantine Empire]]. After securing their position in Anatolia, the Ottomans conquered other Beyliks. They expanded into the Balkans, fighting the [[File:Serbian Empire-icon.png]] [[Serbian Empire|Serbian]] and [[File:Byzantine-icon.png]] [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] Empires over territorial disputes. The [[File:Timurid Empire-icon.png]] [[Timurid Empire]], feeling threatened, declared war on the Ottomans, leading to a significant defeat and the capture of the Ottoman sultan. This sparked a 12-year civil war known as the "Fetret Devri." After the civil war, the Ottomans slowly regained strength, re-conquering small independent Beyliks in Anatolia and focusing on internal consolidation. === A New Power === <i>Main article: [[Greater Ottoman Empire]]</i><br> Ottoman Empire began preparing for conquest of [[File:Constantinople-icon.png]] [[Constantinople]]. It was the only place [[File:Byzantine-icon.png]] [[Byzantine Empire]] had left. Ottoman Empire besieged the city for nearly two months before breaching its formidable walls using advanced cannons and strategic tactics. The fall of [[File:Constantinople-icon.png]] [[Constantinople]] was a turning point in history, it marked the end of the [[File:Byzantine-icon.png]] [[Byzantine Empire]] and the beginning of Ottoman dominance in the region, also symbolizing the transition from the medieval to the modern era. It also made Ottoman expansion into Europe easier. Ottoman Empire replaced the fallen city with [[File:Istanbul-icon.png]] [[Istanbul]], which became his new capital, where it remained a global center of trade, culture, and power for centuries and is still here today. Ottoman Empire continued his conquests and ansuchlussed [[File:Serbian Despotate-icon.png]] [[Serbian Despotate|Serbia]] and [[File:Kingdom of Bosnia-icon.png]] [[Kingdom of Bosnia|Bosnia]]. He also vassalized [[File:Wallachia-icon.png]] [[Wallachia]], [[File:Moldavia-icon.png]] [[Moldavia]] and [[File:Crimean Khanate-icon.png]] [[Crimean Khanate]]. After Ottoman Empire conquered [[File:Mamluk-icon.png]] [[Mamluk Sultanate]], his influence became unstoppable. He was also rapidly expanding towards Africa, and almost killed off [[File:KOHungary1000-icon.png]] [[Kingdom of Hungary]]. Ottoman, however began stagnating after conquering [[File:KOHungary1000-icon.png]] [[Kingdom of Hungary]], but it still kept shadowing the entire Europe through its sheer size, science, economy and feared military might. Until the Great Turkish War, in 1683, that is. === The Beginning of the End === In 1683, the 2nd Siege of [[File:Vienna-icon.png]] [[Vienna]] failed, it was a military disaster to the Ottoman Empire as his supply lines were stretched and in unfamiliar territory with several incompetent commanders in charge. [[File:Poland-Lithuania-icon.png]] [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|John III Sobieski]] led an unlikely alliance against the Ottomans siegrs and made a great charge against the unprepared siegers, breaking their line and sending them into a disarray. European players realized that the Ottomans was not so invincible. After the disaster at the Battle of [[File:Vienna-icon.png]] [[Vienna]], [[File:Catholicism-icon.png]] [[Catholicism|Pope Benedetto Odescalchi]] of Vatican Church saw it as a perfect opportunity to remove the religious threat of Ottoman Empire from the Balkans and hopefully push through its territories to Anatolia. Perhaps even the Holy Lands in Levant. And to bring [[File:Christianity-icon.png]] [[Christianity]] back to the Balkans, also to kill those who refused to convert, whether they be a [[File:Islam-icon.png]] [[Islam|Muslim]] or [[File:Judaism-icon.png]] [[Judaism|Jew]]. [[File:Holy League-icon.png]] [[Holy League]] consisting of all of [[File:Europe-icon.png]] [[Europe]] (except [[File:KOPortugal-icon.png]] [[Kingdom of Portugal]] and [[File:SwissOld-icon.png]] [[Old Swiss Confederacy]]) was formed. They fought until in 1699, Ottoman Empire was pushed back and lost [[File:KOHungary1000-icon.png]] [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]]'s former land to [[File:Occupied Austria-icon.png]] [[Archduchy of Austria|Austria]]. That is when the [[File:Europe-icon.png]] [[Europe]] started realizing that the Ottoman Empire had been stagnating for some time while they themselves grew stronger thanks to the colonization and exploitation of the [[File:3ball-icon.png]] [[Native Americans|New World]], including the perks of [[File:Industrialism-icon.png]] [[Industrialism|Industrial Revolution]]. And so started the long decline of Ottoman Empire. Ottoman Empire began losing every single region of theirs one by one. As the Europe was locked in an endless theatre of wars, some had the natural desire to expand and saw the weak, stagnating Ottoman Empire as the perfect target. It started with propaganda leading to the Ottomans being known as "''the sick man of Europe"'' and supported the rebels inside, sowing ideas of independence and unjust treatment from Ottoman government. This led to many armed riots and insurrections, weakening the Ottoman Empire further. === Oppression === In 1830, [[File:Kingdom of Greece-icon.png]] [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] got their independence. In 1876, there was a famine in [[File:Ottoman Bosnia-icon.png]] [[Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]] which worsened the situation there. As a result and sign of defiance, they stopped paying their taxes and he grew more broke. Because of this and seeing the others successfully defy the Ottoman Empire, the Balkan regions started to break away from its control with the support of other European players. The Balkans held a strong grudge against the Ottoman Empire because it started imposing discriminatory laws and abandoned its original values of diversity. European powers took advantage of this multiculturalism to create divisions within Ottoman society, leading to its decline. The government became increasingly oppressive, favoring [[File:Islam-icon.png]] [[Islam|Muslims]] over minorities, which led to the suppression of minority beliefs and cultural practices. This oppression also hindered scientific progress, contributing to the Ottoman Empire falling behind [[File:Europe-icon.png]] [[Europe]] in the [[File:Industrialism-icon.png]] [[Industrialism|Industrial Revolution]]. The unfair treatment of minorities by the elite [[File:Islam-icon.png]] [[Islam|Muslim]] Turks would have deeply saddened the past sultans if they could see what the empire had become. These dark times when the [[File:Islam-icon.png]] [[Islam|Muslim]] Turks started oppressing the others: it is something many modern [[File:Turkey-icon.png]] [[Türkiye|Turks]] do not know much about due to their purposeful ignorance or lack of awareness. Some prefer to see themselves as the victims. And some are even in denial. After long times of oppression and some nudges from European players, these regions continued to break away. === Balkan Wars === The year was 1912 when the First Balkan War broke out, with the support of Great Powers in supplies, intel and weapons. It ended with Ottoman Empire losing almost all lands in the Balkans. A huge amount of [[File:Turkey-icon.png]] [[Türkiye|Turks]] numbering in millions was deported by force from the Balkans to Anatolia. Many people died in this forced displacement. To this day, many descendants of modern [[File:Turkey-icon.png]] [[Türkiye|Turks]] could do a DNA research and see that their direct ancestors were not only from the Anatolia, but also the Asia and Europe, particularly Balkans. In 1913, [[File:Tsar Bulgaria-icon.png]] [[Tsardom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] wasn't happy with the land he gained in the First Balkan War. So, when the Great Powers drew new borders in the Balkans that Bulgaria didn't like, he started a new fight called the Second Balkan War against [[File:KOSerbia-icon.png]] [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbia]] and [[File:Kingdom of Greece-icon.png]] [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]]. The Ottoman Empire used this opportunity to regain some territory and improve his reputation. === Young Turks === After years of decline, in 1915, Ottoman Empire was exhausted by their recent wars in the Balkans and a revolution where the [[File:Young Turks-icon.png]] [[Young Turks]] took over. The [[File:Young Turks-icon.png]] [[Young Turks]], despite being seen as forward-thinking, were guilty of terrible acts. They secretly ordered the deportation of [[File:Armenia-icon.png]] [[Armenia|Armenians]], leading to a tragic and bloody event. Hundreds of thousands were forced from their homes and sent on a harrowing journey to modern-day [[File:Syria-icon.png]] [[Syria]]. Many died from abuse, harsh weather, and starvation along the way, making it a journey of certain death for countless [[File:Armenia-icon.png]] [[Armenia|Armenians]]. The Great Powers used the tragic events, like the [[File:Armenia-icon.png]] [[Armenia|Armenian]] deportation, as powerful propaganda against the Ottoman Empire. Over time, the Ottoman Empire had declined culturally, socially, and technologically. It had once been a beacon of progressiveness, where people of various ethnicities, colors, beliefs, and religions coexisted peacefully. However, by the early 20th century, it had become the opposite. Minorities like [[File:Kurdistan-icon.png]] [[Kurdistan|Kurds]], [[File:Armenia-icon.png]] [[Armenia|Armenians]], [[File:Arab-icon.png]] [[Arab League|Arabs]], [[File:Greece-icon.png]] [[Greece|Greeks]], [[File:Serbia-icon.png]] [[Serbia|Serbians]], [[File:Israel-icon.png]] [[Jews]], and [[File:Christianity-icon.png]] [[Christianity|Christians]] were treated as second-class citizens, or even worse, compared to Turkish [[File:Islam-icon.png]] [[Islam|Muslim]] citizens. This social situation had deteriorated over the past 150 years due to an increasingly authoritarian government favoring [[File:Islam-icon.png]] [[Islam]] and oppressing minorities. === The Great War & The End === Ottoman Empire was forced into the Great War after a part of their navy attacked the [[File:Russian Empire-icon.png]] [[Russian Empire|Russian]] harbors under the command of a [[File:German-icon.png]] [[German Empire|German]] officer thus leading to [[File:Russian Empire-icon.png]] [[Russian Empire]] declaring a war and thereby their [[File:Entente-icon.png]] [[Entente Powers|allies]] as well. It did not help that the [[File:British Empire-icon.png]] [[British Empire]] had kept the caught battleships to himself, angering the Ottomans greatly. Eventually, the [[File:Entente-icon.png]] [[Entente Powers]] won. Ottoman Empire was now up for partition, leading to a new [[File:Turkey-icon2.png]] [[Government of the Grand National Assembly|Turkish government]] to be formed to defend himself the partition, ending the Ottoman Empire. It was about time, too, the Ottomans had already ruled for over 600 years.
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