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World Wars in the United States
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=== World War II === The United States' involvement in World War II was pivotal in determining the outcome of the conflict and reshaping global politics. Initially adhering to a policy of neutrality, the U.S. sought to avoid entanglement in the growing hostilities in Europe and Asia throughout the 1930s. This stance was solidified through a series of Neutrality Acts aimed at preventing the kind of entanglements that had drawn the nation into World War I. However, as [[File:Nazi-icon.png]] [[Axis Powers]] [[File:Japanese Empire-icon.png]] expanded aggressively, President Franklin D. Roosevelt began to prepare the country for the possibility of war, emphasizing the need to support the [[File:Allies-icon.png]] [[Allied Powers|Allies]] through measures like the Lend-Lease Act of 1941, which provided critical aid to nations like [[File:UK-icon.png]] [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and the [[File:USSR-icon.png]] [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet Union]]. The turning point for American involvement came on December 7, 1941, when [[File:JapEmp-icon.png]] [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, [[File:Hawaii-icon.png]] [[Hawaii]]. This devastating assault resulted in significant loss of life and damage to the [[File:USPacFleet-icon.png]] [[United States Pacific Fleet|Pacific Fleet]], galvanizing American public opinion and prompting a swift response. On December 8, 1941, the United States declared war on [[File:JapEmp-icon.png]] [[Empire of Japan|Japan]], and shortly thereafter, [[File:Nazi-icon.png]] [[German Third Reich|Germany]] and [[File:KoItaly-icon2.png]] [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] declared war on the United States, bringing America fully into World War II on both the Pacific and European fronts. The US also started rapidly producing military equipment, war ships, planes, tanks and much more. In the European Theater, American forces initially focused on the North African Campaign, successfully pushing [[File:Axis-icon.png]] [[Axis Powers|Axis]] forces out of the region by 1943. The subsequent invasion of [[File:KoItaly-icon2.png]] [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] marked a crucial step in weakening [[File:Axis-icon.png]] [[Axis Powers|Axis]] positions in Europe. One of the most significant contributions came on June 6, 1944, known as D-Day, when [[File:Allies-icon.png]] [[Allied Powers|Allied]] forces, including a substantial number of American troops, launched the largest amphibious invasion in history on the beaches of [[File:Normandy-icon.png]] [[Normandy]], [[File:NaziWar-icon.png]] [[Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France|France]]. This operation was a turning point that led to the liberation of Western Europe from [[File:Nazi-icon.png]] [[German Third Reich|Nazi]] control. American forces continued to advance through France and into Germany, playing a key role in the eventual defeat of [[File:Nazi-icon.png]] [[German Third Reich|Nazi Germany]] in May 1945. The US was also working on atomic weapons in the Manhattan Project, hoping to make them before [[File:Nazi-icon.png]] [[German Third Reich|Nazi Germany]] figures out how. In the Pacific Theater, the U.S. adopted an island-hopping strategy to gradually reclaim territory from [[File:JapEmp-icon.png]] [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] control. Key battles included the Battle of [[File:Japan-icon.png]] [[Midway Atoll|Midway]] in 1942, which turned the tide in favor of the [[File:USA-icon.png]][[File:ROC-icon.png]] [[Allied Powers|Allies]], and the grueling campaigns at [[File:Japan-icon.png]] [[Guadalcanal]], [[File:Japan-icon.png]] [[Iwo Jima]], and [[File:Okinawa-icon.png]] [[Okinawa]]. Each victory brought American forces closer to [[File:JapEmp-icon.png]] [[Empire of Japan|Japan]]. [[File:JapEmp-icon.png]] [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] sees surrendering as dishonorable and was determined to fight until their last breath, so not wanting the war to drag on and potentially threaten the American mainland, the decision to use atomic weapons was made. The bombs “Little Boy” and “Fat Man” were dropped on the cities of [[File:Hiroshima-icon.png]] [[Hiroshima]] and [[File:Nagasaki-icon.png]] [[Nagasaki]] in August 1945. These bombings, coupled with the [[File:USSR-icon.png]] [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet Union]]’s declaration of war on [[File:JapEmp-icon.png]] [[Empire of Japan|Japan]], led to Japan's unconditional surrender on August 15, 1945, effectively ending World War II.
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