View source for Bogd Khanate of Mongolia

{{CountryInfo
|Name = [[File:Bogd Khan-icon.png]] Great Mongolian State [[File:Bogd Khan-icon.png]]
|NativeName = {{ILSize|MongolianL-icon.png|Mongolian Language}}: ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
|founded = 1911
|predicon = Qing Dynasty new
|onlypredecessor = Qing Dynasty 
|ended = 1924
|nexticon = MongolPR
|onlysuccessor = Mongolian People's Republic
|image = Bogd Khanate.png
|Caption =
|Alias = Bogd Khan<br>Bogd Khaganate<br>Bogd Khaan
|Time of Exist = 
|Government = [[File:Theocracy-icon.png]] [[Theocracy|Theocratic Absolute Monarchy]]
|Languages = [[File:MongolianL-icon.png]] [[Mongolian Language|Mongolian]]
|Affiliation = [[File:Beiyang-icon.png]] [[Republic of China]] (de jure, only from 1919 to 1921)
|Religions = 
*[[File:Buddhism-icon.png]] [[Buddhism]]
**[[File:Vajrayana-icon.png]] [[Vajrayāna]]
*[[File:Tengrism-icon.png]] [[Tengrism]]
|Friends = <div style="overflow:auto; height:auto; max-height:100px; background:transparent;">[[File:Russian Republic-icon.png]] [[Russian Republic]]
|Enemies = <div style="overflow:auto; height:auto; max-height:100px; background:transparent;">[[File:QingNew-icon.png]] [[Qing Dynasty]]<br>[[File:Beiyang-icon.png]] [[Republic of China]]<br>[[File:RSFSRold-icon.png]] [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]]<br>[[File:MongolPR-icon.png]] [[Mongolian People's Republic|Communist Mongolia]]
|Likes = 
|Dislikes = 
|Preceded = [[File:QingNew-icon.png]] [[Qing Dynasty]]
|Succeeded = [[File:MongolPR-icon.png]] [[Mongolian People's Republic]]
|themecolor = #db1a2e
|textcolor = #ffda00
}}'''Bogd Khanate of Mongolia''' was the [[File:Theocracy-icon.png]] [[Theocracy|theocratic]] regime in [[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Mongolia]] between declaring independence from [[File:Qing-icon.png]] [[Qing Dynasty]] in the Mongolian Revolution of 1911 and the formation of the [[File:MongolPR-icon.png]] [[Mongolian People's Republic]] in 1924.

==History==
=== Founding ===
The Bogd Khanate was founded in 1911, following the collapse of the [[File:QingNew-icon.png]] [[Qing Dynasty]] in [[File:Chinese-icon.png]] [[China]]. Taking advantage of the political turmoil and weakening [[File:Chinese-icon.png]] [[China|Chinese]] control, [[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Mongolia|Mongolian]] nobles, lamas, and the general populace declared independence from [[File:Chinese-icon.png]] [[China]]. They invited the eighth [[File:Buddhism-icon.png]] [[Buddhism|Jebtsundamba Khutuktu]], a high-ranking [[File:TibetBudd-icon.png]] [[Tibetan Buddhism|Tibetan Buddhist]] lama, to become their spiritual and temporal leader. Consequently, the [[File:Bogd Khan-icon.png]] [[Monarchism|Bogd Khan]] was enthroned as the ruler of the newly established theocratic state, marking the beginning of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia.

=== Kyakhta Agreement of 1915 ===
A tripartite conference between the [[File:Russian Empire-icon.png]] [[Russian Empire]], [[File:Beiyang-icon.png]] [[Republic of China]] and the [[File:Bogd Khan-icon.png]] [[Monarchism|Bogd Khan]]'s government convened at [[File:Kyakhta-icon.png]] [[Kyakhta]] in the autumn of 1914.

The [[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Mongolia|Mongolian]] representative, prime minister [[File:Nationalism-icon.png]] [[Nationalism|Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren]], was determined to stretch autonomy into de facto independence and to deny the [[File:Beiyang-icon.png]] [[Republic of China|Chinese]] anything more than vague, ineffectual suzerain powers. The [[File:Beiyang-icon.png]] [[Republic of China|Chinese]] sought to minimize, if not end, [[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Mongolia|Mongolian]] autonomy. The [[File:Russian Empire-icon.png]] [[Russian Empire|Russian]] position was somewhere in between. The result was the [[File:Kyakhta-icon.png]] [[Kyakhta]] Treaty of June 1915, which recognized [[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Mongolia]]'s autonomy within the [[File:Beiyang-icon.png]] [[Republic of China|Chinese state]].

Nevertheless, [[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Outer Mongolia]] remained effectively outside [[File:Beiyang-icon.png]] [[Republic of China|Chinese]] control and retained the main features of the state according to the international law of that time.

The [[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Mongolia|Mongolians]] viewed the treaty as a disaster because it denied the recognition of a truly independent, all-[[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Mongolia|Mongolian]] state. [[File:Beiyang-icon.png]] [[Republic of China|China]] regarded the treaty in a similar fashion, consenting only because it was preoccupied with other international problems, especially [[File:Lesser Japanese Empire-icon.png]] [[Empire of Japan]]. 

The treaty did contain one significant feature which the [[File:Beiyang-icon.png]] [[Republic of China|Chinese]] were later to turn to their advantage; the right to appoint a high commissioner to [[File:Ulaanbaatar-icon.png]] [[Ulaanbaatar|Urga]] (now known as Ulaanbaatar) and deputy high commissioners to [[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Uliastai]], [[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Khovd City]], and [[File:Kyakhta-icon.png]] [[Kyakhta]]. This provided a senior political presence in [[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Mongolia]], which had been lacking.

=== Decline of Russian Influence ===

In 1913, the [[File:Russian Empire-icon.png]] [[Russian Empire|Russian]] consulate in [[File:Ulaanbaatar-icon.png]] [[Ulaanbaatar|Urga]] began publishing a journal titled Shine tol' (the New Mirror), aimed at promoting a positive image of [[File:Russian Empire-icon.png]] [[Russian Empire|Russia]]. Edited by [[File:Buryatia-icon.png]] [[Buryatia|Buryat]]-born scholar and statesman [[File:Reformism-icon.png]] [[Reformism|Ts. Zhamtsarano]], the journal became a platform for advocating political and social change. The first issue angered lamas by denying the world was [[File:Flat Earth-icon.png]] [[Flat Earth Theory|flat]], and another issue sharply criticized the [[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Mongolia|Mongolian]] nobility for exploiting ordinary people. [[File:Russian Empire-icon.png]] [[Russian Empire|Russian]]-sponsored reforms, including medical and veterinary services, faced resistance from the lamas, who viewed these areas as their domain. The [[File:Khan-icon.png]] [[Mongolia|Mongols]] were frustrated by [[File:Russian Empire-icon.png]] [[Russian Empire|Russian]] efforts to oversee the use of a second loan and to reform the state budgetary system, believing the first loan had been squandered. Appointed in 1913, [[File:Russian Empire-icon.png]] [[Russian Empire|Russian]] diplomat [[File:Imp-icon.png]] [[Imperialism|Alexander Miller]] was poorly received due to his disdain for most [[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Mongolia|Mongolian]] officials, whom he considered extremely incompetent. Meanwhile, the chief [[File:Russian Empire-icon.png]] [[Russian Empire|Russian]] military instructor successfully organized a [[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Mongolia|Mongolian]] military brigade, which later fought against [[File:Beiyang-icon.png]] [[Republic of China|Chinese]] troops.

The outbreak of World War I in 1914 forced [[File:Russian Empire-icon.png]] [[Russian Empire|Russia]] to focus his energies on [[File:EU-icon.png]] [[Europe]]. By mid-1915, [[File:Russian Empire-icon.png]] [[Russian Empire|Russia]]'s military position had deteriorated so much that the government had to neglect his [[File:Asia-icon.png]] [[Asia|Asian]] interests. [[File:Beiyang-icon.png]] [[Republic of China|China]] soon exploited [[File:Russian Empire-icon.png]] [[Russian Empire|Russia]]'s distractions, which worsened dramatically following the [[File:Lenin-icon.png]] [[Bolsheviks|Bolshevik]] Revolution in 1917.

=== Chinese Attempts to Reintegrate Mongolia ===
In December 1915, [[File:Yuan Shikai-icon.png]] [[Yuan Shikai Thought|Yuan Shikai]], the President of the [[File:Beiyang-icon.png]] [[Republic of China]], sent gifts to the [[File:Bogd Khan-icon.png]] [[Monarchism|Bogd Khaan]] and his wife. In response, the [[File:Bogd Khan-icon.png]] [[Monarchism|Bogd Khaan]] dispatched a delegation of 30 individuals to [[File:Beiyang-icon.png]] [[Beijing]], bearing gifts for [[File:Yuan Shikai-icon.png]] [[Yuan Shikai Thought|Yuan]]: four white horses and two camels, while his wife [[File:Women-icon.png]] [[Monarchism|Ekh Dagina]] sent four black horses and two camels. [[File:Yuan Shikai-icon.png]] [[Yuan Shikai Thought|Yuan Shikai]], now the self-proclaimed ruler of a restored [[File:Empire of China-icon.png]] [[Empire of China]], personally received the delegation on February 10, 1916. In [[File:Chinese-icon.png]] [[China]], this was interpreted within the traditional tributary system, where missions with gifts to [[File:Chinese-icon.png]] [[China|Chinese]] rulers were seen as signs of submission. Consequently, [[File:Chinese-icon.png]] [[China|Chinese]] sources claimed that a year later, the [[File:Bogd Khan-icon.png]] [[Monarchism|Bogd Khaan]] agreed to participate in an investiture ceremony, a formal [[File:Qing-icon.png]] [[Qing Dynasty|Qing]] ritual where frontier nobles received imperial appointments. [[File:Yuan Shikai-icon.png]] [[Yuan Shikai Thought|Yuan Shikai]] awarded him [[File:Chinese-icon.png]] [[China]]’s highest decoration of merit, and other senior [[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Mongolia|Mongolian]] princes received significant decorations as well.

Following the 1914 [[File:Kyakhta-icon.png]] [[Kyakhta]] agreement, [[File:Yuan Shikai-icon.png]] [[Yuan Shikai Thought|Yuan Shikai]] had sent a telegram to the [[File:Bogd Khan-icon.png]] [[Monarchism|Bogd Khaan]], informing him that he was bestowed the title of "Bogd Jevzundamba Khutuktu Khaan of [[File:Mongolia-icon.png]] [[Outer Mongolia]]" along with a golden seal and diploma. The [[File:Bogd Khan-icon.png]] [[Monarchism|Bogd Khaan]] responded by noting that since the title had already been bestowed by the [[File:Nationalism-icon.png]] [[Nationalism|Ikh Juntan]], there was no need for it to be granted again, and that the golden seal and diploma were not mentioned in the tripartite agreement, so his government could not accept them. The [[File:Bogd Khan-icon.png]] [[Monarchism|Bogd Khaan]] had previously received the golden seal, title, and diploma from the [[File:QingNew-icon.png]] [[Qing Dynasty]].

=== End of the Khanate ===
After the [[File:USSR-icon2.png]] [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Russian Communist]] Revolution in 1917, Mongolia's political landscape underwent significant changes. The collapse of the [[File:Russian Empire-icon.png]] [[Russian Empire]] and the ensuing civil war left Mongolia in a precarious position. In 1921, with the support of the Soviet [[File:Red Army-icon.png]] [[Red Army]], [[File:ProvCommieMongol-icon.png]] [[Revolutionary Provisional Government of Mongolia|Mongolian revolutionaries]] led by [[File:Commie-icon.png]] [[Communism|Damdin Sükhbaatar]] overthrew the Bogd Khanate's theocratic government, establishing the [[File:MongolPR-icon.png]] [[Mongolian People's Republic]] in 1924. The [[File:Bogd Khan-icon.png]] [[Monarchism|Bogd Khan]], the spiritual and temporal leader of Mongolia, remained as a symbolic figurehead until his death in 1924. Following his death, the new [[File:Commie-icon.png]] [[Communism|communist]] regime, heavily influenced by [[File:MarxLenin-icon.png]] [[Marxism-Leninism|Soviet ideology]], abolished the [[File:Mon2-icon.png]] [[Monarchism|monarchy]] and unfortunately implemented [[File:Socialism-icon.png]] [[Socialism|socialist]] reforms, marking the beginning of a new era of [[File:Communism-icon.png]] [[Eastern Bloc|Soviet-aligned]] communist rule in Mongolia.

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths=150px>
Bogd rawr.jpeg|GOOD LORD WHAT IS THAT
Bogd sad.png
Bogd grr.jpeg
Bogd ahh.jpeg
TaiwanPanel1.png|minor easteregg
</gallery>

== How to draw ==
{{Flag|BogdFlag.png|Flag of the Bogd Khanate}}
# Draw a ball.
# Fill it with red.
# Draw a big yellow square attached to the right side of the ball.
# Draw the Bogd Khanate coat of arms in the middle of the yellow square.
# Add three red tentacles, with their tips in a triangular shape, on the right side of the ball. Stack them vertically.
# Add three white Mongolian symbols on the top tentacle, three yellow ones on the middle one, and three black ones on the bottom one.
# Add the eyes and you’re done!
{{FlagColour
|c1 = Red
|h1 = #DB1A2E
|c2 = Yellow
|h2 = #FFDA00
|c3 = Blue
|h3 = #0066B4
|c4 = Dark Blue
|h4 = #0B2C3D
|c5 = Green
|h5 = #1F5B18
|c6 = White
|h6 = #FFFFFF
|c7 = Black
|h7 = #000000
}}
[[Category:Characters]]
[[Category:Historical]]
[[Category:Asia]]