Yamnaya Culture
Yamnaya Culture or Yamna Culture, also known as Pit Grave Culture or Ochre Grave Culture, was an ancient 
Indo-European, strong, 
violent and 
warlike archeological culture in 
Eastern Europe existing from the late 
Chalcolithic to the early 
Bronze Age. He likes to drink milk and tame 
horses, and possibly invented the wheel. He is known for burning his dead in tumuli (kurgans) containing simple pit chambers. Genetic studies have also shown that Yamnaya had a significant proportion of steppe ancestry, and is the ancestor of the majority of 2balls today.
The Yamnaya culture is considered to represent the late Indo-Europeans and is very likely the urheimat (original homeland) of the 
Proto-Indo-European Language. The horses and wagons that are so central to Yamnaya 
society and 
culture are probably how the Indo-European languages spread so far and wide.
History
Yamnaya emerged out of the 
Pontic-Caspian Steppe around 3300 BC. Yamnaya made widespread use of wheeled carts and domesticated horses, revolutionizing mobility and herding.
As the fourth millennium BC neared its end, the relationship between the Yamnaya and his neighbor Cucuteni became sour. Around 3200 BC, the climate of 
Earth became dry and cold. The 
farming culture of the Cucuteni was in steep decline, and the 
nomadic Yamnaya were doing a lot better. The Cucuteni had disappeared by 3000 BC, possibly due to raids and 
invasions by Yamnaya clans with their 
stone axes and copper daggers. All the Cucuteni people either were killed, fled or 
assimilated. Many locals submitted to their new Yamnaya rulers, were they interacted and assimilated.
From circa 3100 BC to 3000 BC, Yamnaya groups begin expanding westward and eastward. The use of ox-drawn wagons and mobile pastoralism allowed rapid cultural spread, and some groups move into the 
Balkans and 
Central Europe, influencing and replacing local populations.
From around 3000 BC to 2800 BC, Yamnaya-related people heavily influenced the Corded Ware Culture in Central and 
Northern Europe through migration and intermarriage. This period marks a major genetic turnover in 
Europe: DNA evidence shows up to 75% of Northern European ancestry were replaced by steppe ancestry in some regions.
Yamnaya expansion was very successful, they went from the steppe all the way to modern-day 
India and 
France. But, it wasn't like anything with 
grand armies or 
nationality like such of the 
Mongols, it was too early in time for anything like that to appear, even though it might seem reasonable to believe so as in archeology it seems that old cultural artifacts in a region disappear when the Yamnaya arrived. It was more complicated, with many different types of interactions happening in different places and times. The expansion from the 
Black Sea to the 
British Isles was mostly young 
men of the warrior 
caste going out and away from their clans to raid and dominate. There were also rarer, folk migrations where whole people seem to get up and move thousands of miles very quickly. Over hundreds of years and many generations, the Yamnaya pushed outwards and outwards, to west and east.
The original Yamnaya has disappeared by 2600 BC. But his descendants spread far and wide, mastering the art of conquest, making chariots and riding horses.
Society
Yamnaya society is divided into hierarchies. The top of the caste is the warrior class, young men wanting power and conquest. The 
locals and 
regulars of the Yamnaya lived a life of pastoralism, traveling around the plains of the steppe with their animal herds throughout the better part of the year, and settling back to fortified settlements along river valleys in the 
winter.
Economy
The Yamnaya 
economy was based upon animal husbandry, fishing, foraging, and the manufacture of ceramics, tools, and weapons. The people of the Yamnaya culture lived primarily as nomads, with a 
chiefdom system and wheeled carts and wagons pulled by cows that allowed them to manage large herds. Due to Yamnaya's 
patriarchal and warlike society, his people were large and big-boned, in contrast to the Neolithic farmers that he replaced. Yamnaya also hunted for wild deer and other things living in the steppe, as well as eating domesticated animals. Some Yamnaya took up farming millets and other crops, but it wasn't widespread.
The Yamnaya clans 
traded with one another, as well as neighboring cultures such as the Cucuteni-Trypillia Culture. Wagons allowed for bulk transport (such as tent and supplies), basically providing a mobile home, equipped with the horses that serve as a power source, allowing Yamnaya to travel further than any of his ancestors could dream of.
Relationships
Enemies
Cucuteni-Trypillia Culture - We are total opposites. You worship 
fertility goddess, I worship 
warring sky father. Your society is 
egalitarian, mine is a 
caste. Through the 
cold, Heaven has proved to the both of us which lifestyle is better.
How to draw
- Draw a ball.
- Fill it with blue.
- Draw a white circle in the middle.
- Draw a black wheel the white circle.
- Draw eyes and done!
| Color Name | HEX | |
|---|---|---|
| Blue | #157ABE | |
| White | #FFFFFF | |
| Black | #232323 | |
