Mongol Empire: Difference between revisions

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|Time of Exist = 1206 - 1271
|Time of Exist = 1206 - 1271
|Government = {{i|EMon}} [[Elective Monarchism|Elective Monarchy]]<br>{{i|Mon}} [[Monarchism|Later Also Hereditary]]
|Government = {{i|EMon}} [[Elective Monarchism|Elective Monarchy]]<br>{{i|Mon}} [[Monarchism|Later Also Hereditary]]
|Languages = {{i|Middle Mongol}} [[Middle Mongol]]
|Languages = {{i|Middle Mongol}} [[Middle Mongol]]<br>{{i|ChineseL}} [[Chinese Language|Chinese]]<br>{{i|Arabic}} [[Arabic Language|Arabic]]
|Affiliation =  
|Affiliation =  
|Religions = {{SB}}
|Religions = {{SB}}
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**{{i|Orthodoxy}} [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
**{{i|Orthodoxy}} [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]
**{{i|Oriental Orthodoxy}} [[Oriental Orthodoxy]]
**{{i|Oriental Orthodoxy}} [[Oriental Orthodoxy]]
|Friends = {{SB}}{{i|RoVenice}} [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]<br>{{i|Republic of Genoa}} [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]]<br>{{i|Western Xia}} [[Western Xia]] (before 1220s)
|Friends = {{SB}}{{i|RoVenice}} [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]<br>{{i|Republic of Genoa}} [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]]<br>{{i|Western Xia}} [[Western Xia]] (before 1220s)<br>{{i|Tibetan Empire}} [[Tibetan Empire]]
|Enemies = {{SB}}{{i|Song}} [[Song Dynasty]]<br>{{i|Jurchen Jin}} [[Jurchen Jin|Jin Dynasty]]<br>{{i|Western Xia}} [[Western Xia]]<br>{{i|KievanRus}} [[Kievan Rus']]<br>{{i|KingdomPoland}} [[Kingdom of Poland]]<br>{{i|Khwarazmian}} [[Khwarazmian Empire]]
|Enemies = {{SB}}{{i|Song}} [[Song Dynasty]]<br>{{i|Jurchen Jin}} [[Jurchen Jin|Jin Dynasty]]<br>{{i|Western Xia}} [[Western Xia]]<br>{{i|KievanRus}} [[Kievan Rus']]<br>{{i|KingdomPoland}} [[Kingdom of Poland]]<br>{{i|Khwarazmian}} [[Khwarazmian Empire]]<br>{{i|Abbasid}} [[Abbasid Caliphate]]<br>{{i|Abbasid Baghdad}} [[Abbasid Baghdad]]
|Likes = {{i|Imp}} [[Imperialism|Conquest]], war crimes, horses, arrows, raids, riches, {{i|Religion}} [[Religion|religions]], biological warfare
|Likes = {{i|Imp}} [[Imperialism|Conquest]], war crimes, horses, arrows, raids, riches, {{i|Religion}} [[Religion|religions]], biological warfare, massacres, domination
|Dislikes = Ocean
|Dislikes = Ocean, people who don't surrender
|Preceded = {{AL}}{{i|Khamag Mongol}} [[Khamag Mongol]]<br>{{i|Western Xia}} [[Western Xia]]<br>{{i|Jurchen Jin}} [[Jurchen Jin]]<br>{{i|KievanRus}} [[Kievan Rus']]<br>{{i|KingdomPoland}} [[Kingdom of Poland]]<br>{{i|Khwarazmian}} [[Khwarazmian Empire]]
|Preceded = {{AL}}{{i|Khamag Mongol}} [[Khamag Mongol]]<br>{{i|Western Xia}} [[Western Xia]]<br>{{i|Jurchen Jin}} [[Jurchen Jin]]<br>{{i|KievanRus}} [[Kievan Rus']]<br>{{i|KingdomPoland}} [[Kingdom of Poland]]<br>{{i|Khwarazmian}} [[Khwarazmian Empire]]
|Succeeded = {{AL}}{{i|Golden Horde}} [[Golden Horde]]<br>{{i|Ilkhanate}} [[Ilkhanate]]<br>{{i|Chagatai Khanate}} [[Chagatai Khanate]]<br>{{i|Yuan}} [[Yuan Dynasty]]
|Succeeded = {{AL}}{{i|Golden Horde}} [[Golden Horde]]<br>{{i|Ilkhanate}} [[Ilkhanate]]<br>{{i|Chagatai Khanate}} [[Chagatai Khanate]]<br>{{i|Yuan}} [[Yuan Dynasty]]
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== History ==
== History ==
The Mongol Empire was founded by famous {{i|Khan}} [[Khanism|Genghis Khan]] in 1206, buy the unification of several nomadic tribes in the Mongol heartland. They would set out and ruthlessly conquer anyone they see in their path.
The Mongol Empire was founded by famous {{i|Khan}} [[Khanism|Genghis Khan]] in 1206, buy the unification of several nomadic tribes in the Mongol heartland. They would set out and ruthlessly conquer anyone they see in their path, believing it was {{i|Tengrism}} [[Tengrism|God]]'s will for them to unite the {{i|Earth}} [[Earth|whole world]].


=== Chinese Front ===
=== Chinese Front ===
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=== European Front ===
=== European Front ===
After killing {{i|Jurchen Jin}} [[Jurchen Jin|Jin]], Mongol Empire crossed and conquered the vast central Asian plains, went to Europe and killed the collapsing {{i|KievanRus}} [[Kievan Rus']] in 1240. This was considered the sole successful attempt anyone has ever taken to take all of {{i|Russia}} [[Russia]], since Kievan Rus’ is Russia’s direct ancestor.
After killing {{i|Jurchen Jin}} [[Jurchen Jin|Jin]], Mongol Empire crossed and conquered the vast central Asian plains, smashing the {{i|Khwarazmian}} [[Khwarazmian Empire]] in 1221 and leaving a trail of destruction. With nothing to stop them, the Mongols marched to Europe and killed the collapsing {{i|KievanRus}} [[Kievan Rus']] in 1240. This was considered the sole successful attempt anyone has ever taken to take all of {{i|Russia}} [[Russia]], since Kievan Rus’ is Russia’s direct ancestor.


After Kyivan Rus' was defeated, the Mongols headed to central Europe to prepare for battles with {{i|HRE}} [[Holy Roman Empire]], {{i|KingdomPoland}} [[Kingdom of Poland]], {{i|GDLith}} [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], {{i|Byzantine}} [[Byzatine Empire]], and {{i|KOHungary1000}} [[Medival Kingdom of Hungary|Kingdom of Hungary]]. The small European states stood no chance against the Horde, and the Mongols were on the way to full success. However, the {{i|MongolEmp}} [[Khanism|Grand Khan Ögedei]] had died, and a new Khagan had to be elected by the military leaders in the Kurultai<ref>A kurultai (/kʊrʊlˈtaɪ/, lit. 'gathering'), also called a qurultai, was a political and military council of ancient {{i|Khan}} [[Mongolia|Mongol]] and {{i|OTS}} [[Organization of Turkic States|Turkic]] chiefs and khans.</ref> back in Asia. Thus the conquest of Europe came to an end as all of the Horde went back.
After Kyivan Rus' was defeated, the Mongols headed to central Europe to prepare for battles with {{i|HRE}} [[Holy Roman Empire]], {{i|KingdomPoland}} [[Kingdom of Poland]], {{i|GDLith}} [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], {{i|Byzantine}} [[Byzantine Empire]], and {{i|KOHungary1000}} [[Medival Kingdom of Hungary|Kingdom of Hungary]]. The Mongols first attacked Poland, where they crushed a combined Polish-German-Templar army at the Battle of {{i|Legnica}} [[Legnica]] (1241), where {{i|Stratocracy}} [[Stratocracy|Henry II the Pious]] was killed, his head put on a spear to warn others. At the same time, the Mongols invaded Hungary, annihilating the Hungarian army at the Battle of {{i|Hungary}} [[Muhi|Mohi]] (1241), forcing King {{i|Mon}} [[Monarchism|Béla IV]] to flee. The small European states stood no chance against the Horde, and the Mongols were on the way to full success. However, the {{i|MongolEmp}} [[Khanism|Grand Khan Ögedei]] had died, and a new Khagan had to be elected by the military leaders in the Kurultai<ref>A kurultai (/kʊrʊlˈtaɪ/, lit. 'gathering'), also called a qurultai, was a political and military council of ancient {{i|Khan}} [[Mongolia|Mongol]] and {{i|OTS}} [[Organization of Turkic States|Turkic]] chiefs and khans.</ref> back in Asia. Thus the conquest of Europe came to an end as all of the Horde went back.


=== Middle Eastern Front ===
=== Middle Eastern Front ===
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In the letter, Hulagu warned Al-Mustasim:
In the letter, Hulagu warned Al-Mustasim:


{{QuoteBox|I respect your ancient and great {{i|IslamTheo}} [[Islamic Theocracy|Arab lineage]], but the {{i|Moon}} [[moon]] only shines when it is not obscured by clouds. Do not shut your eyes and ears, do not strike an egg against a rock, and do not try to smear mud over the {{i|Sun}} [[sun]]. Otherwise, you will face severe consequences. If the Mongol army is enraged and marches upon {{i|Abbasid}} [[Abbasid Baghdad|Baghdad]], not a single person in your kingdom will survive. Your city will be utterly destroyed. If you wish to preserve your family, heed my advice. If you remain stubborn, then let us see whose side {{i|Tengrism}} [[Tengrism|God]] will take!|{{i|Imp}} [[Imperialism|Hulegu Khan]]}}
{{QuoteBox|I respect your ancient and great {{i|IslamTheo}} [[Islamic Theocracy|Arab lineage]], but the {{i|Moon}} [[moon]] only shines when it is not obscured by clouds. Do not shut your eyes and ears, do not strike an egg against a rock, and do not try to smear mud over the {{i|Sun}} [[sun]]. Otherwise, you will face severe consequences. If the Mongol army is enraged and marches upon {{i|Abbasid Baghdad}} [[Abbasid Baghdad|Baghdad]], not a single person in your kingdom will survive. Your city will be utterly destroyed. If you wish to preserve your family, heed my advice. If you remain stubborn, then let us see whose side {{i|Tengrism}} [[Tengrism|God]] will take!|{{i|Imp}} [[Imperialism|Hulegu Khan]]}}


In other words, "Let's wait and see."
In other words, "Let's wait and see."
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In response to Hulagu’s warning, Al-Mustasim replied defiantly:  
In response to Hulagu’s warning, Al-Mustasim replied defiantly:  


{{QuoteBox|You overestimate your strength. You will get nothing from me. If victory could be achieved through mere threats and imagination, why would the Mongols need swords? Forcing me to submit is as impossible as plucking the stars from the sky. Before I am enraged, you had better return to where you came from. So far, every invader who has dared to threaten the {{i|Abbasid}} [[Abbasid Dynasty|Abbasid family]] and {{i|Abbasid}} [[Abbasid Baghdad|Baghdad]] has met a tragic fate.|{{i|IslamTheo}} [[Islamic Theocracy|Al-Musta'sim]]}}
{{QuoteBox|You overestimate your strength. You will get nothing from me. If victory could be achieved through mere threats and imagination, why would the Mongols need swords? Forcing me to submit is as impossible as plucking the stars from the sky. Before I am enraged, you had better return to where you came from. So far, every invader who has dared to threaten the {{i|Abbasid}} [[Abbasid Dynasty|Abbasid family]] and {{i|Abbasid Baghdad}} [[Abbasid Baghdad|Baghdad]] has met a tragic fate.|{{i|IslamTheo}} [[Islamic Theocracy|Al-Musta'sim]]}}


Upon hearing this, Hulagu was furious and immediately ordered his army to march on Baghdad. The fate of the Abbasids were now sealed. The advancing Mongol forces kicked up dust that darkened the sky, and the ground trembled from their approach.
Upon hearing this, Hulagu was furious and immediately ordered his army to march on Baghdad. The fate of the Abbasids were now sealed. The advancing Mongol forces kicked up dust that darkened the sky, and the ground trembled from their approach.


Realizing that the Mongols were serious, Al-Mustasim became fearful and consulted his ministers on how to respond. His court was divided into two factions. The {{i|404}} [[Pacifism|pro-peace faction]], led by the vizier, proposed sending vast amounts of gold, silver, and jewels as tribute to appease the Mongols, believing that they spared those who surrendered. The {{i|Militarism}} [[Militarism|pro-war faction]], led by General {{i|Militarism}} [[Militarism|Sulaiman Shah]], argued for a resolute defense, insisting that the Mongols were merciless and that past massacres proved surrender was futile—doing so would only lead to slaughter. He urged the mobilization of the population, recruitment of soldiers, preparation for war, scorched-earth tactics, and fortification of the city.
Realizing that the Mongols were serious, Al-Mustasim became fearful and consulted his ministers on how to respond. His court was divided into two factions. The {{i|Pacifism}} [[Pacifism|pro-peace faction]], led by the vizier, proposed sending vast amounts of gold, silver, and jewels as tribute to appease the Mongols, believing that they spared those who surrendered. The {{i|Militarism}} [[Militarism|pro-war faction]], led by General {{i|Militarism}} [[Militarism|Sulaiman Shah]], argued for a resolute defense, insisting that the Mongols were merciless and that past massacres proved surrender was futile—doing so would only lead to slaughter. He urged the mobilization of the population, recruitment of soldiers, preparation for war, scorched-earth tactics, and fortification of the city.


After much hesitation, Al-Mustasim abandoned the idea of surrender and resolved to fight the Mongols.
After much hesitation, Al-Mustasim abandoned the idea of surrender and resolved to fight the Mongols.
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However, as time passed, a major problem arose—soldiers needed food and supplies to fight. Sulaiman asked Al-Mustasim for resources, but the Caliph was unwilling to spend money. After much delay, he reluctantly provided only a small amount, not even enough for a proper meal. Disheartened, many troops abandoned their posts, and morale plummeted before the Mongols even arrived.   
However, as time passed, a major problem arose—soldiers needed food and supplies to fight. Sulaiman asked Al-Mustasim for resources, but the Caliph was unwilling to spend money. After much delay, he reluctantly provided only a small amount, not even enough for a proper meal. Disheartened, many troops abandoned their posts, and morale plummeted before the Mongols even arrived.   


In October 1257, Hulagu Khan’s army reached {{i|404}} [[Kermanshah]] and easily defeated a small garrison of Turkic mercenaries. From there, Baghdad was only 200 kilometers away. Hulagu sent another demand for surrender, but Al-Mustasim still refused to act. He neither strengthened defenses nor prepared for battle. Instead, he stayed in his palace, praying and hoping for divine intervention from {{i|Allah}} [[Allah]]. He even warned the Mongols with empty threats, claiming that attacking Baghdad would bring disaster upon them.
In October 1257, Hulagu Khan’s army reached {{i|Kermanshah}} [[Kermanshah]] and easily defeated a small garrison of Turkic mercenaries. From there, Baghdad was only 200 kilometers away. Hulagu sent another demand for surrender, but Al-Mustasim still refused to act. He neither strengthened defenses nor prepared for battle. Instead, he stayed in his palace, praying and hoping for divine intervention from {{i|Allah}} [[Allah]]. He even warned the Mongols with empty threats, claiming that attacking Baghdad would bring disaster upon them.


Upon receiving the envoy’s report of those threats, Hulagu summoned a wise elder named {{i|Shamanism}} [[Shamanism|Nasir al-Din]] to predict the outcome of the war.   
Upon receiving the envoy’s report of those threats, Hulagu summoned a wise elder named {{i|Shamanism}} [[Shamanism|Nasir al-Din]] to predict the outcome of the war.   
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Overjoyed by this prophecy, Hulagu ordered his army to advance in three divisions:   
Overjoyed by this prophecy, Hulagu ordered his army to advance in three divisions:   
# {{i|404}} [[Church of the East|Kitbuqa Noyan]] led the left-wing army, attacking the lower {{i|River}} [[Tigris River]] and encircling Baghdad from the south.   
# {{i|EastChrist}} [[East Syriac Christianity|Kitbuqa Noyan]] led the left-wing army, attacking the lower {{i|River}} [[Tigris River]] and encircling Baghdad from the south.   
# {{i|Militarism}} [[Militarism|Baiju Noyan]] commanded the right-wing army, advancing along the upper Tigris River from the north.   
# {{i|Militarism}} [[Militarism|Baiju Noyan]] commanded the right-wing army, advancing along the upper Tigris River from the north.   
# {{i|Imp}} [[Imperialism|Hulagu]] himself led the central force, marching directly toward {{i|Abbasid}} [[Abbasid Baghdad|Baghdad]].
# {{i|Imp}} [[Imperialism|Hulagu]] himself led the central force, marching directly toward {{i|Abbasid Baghdad}} [[Abbasid Baghdad|Baghdad]].


General Baiju, leading the Mongol right wing, quickly defeated the resistance along the way and reached the upper Tigris River. About 50 kilometers from Baghdad, he encountered General Sulaiman, who had come to defend the city. Sulaiman ordered his cavalry to charge, but the Mongols scattered, retreating while shooting crossbow bolts at the {{i|ArabP}} [[Arabs|Arab]] riders. After a day of fighting, both sides suffered losses. They stopped for the night, and Sulaiman set up camp, planning to resume the battle the next day. For access to water, he camped in a low area near the Tigris River, which the Mongols had hoped for. That night, Baiju sent Mongol engineers to build a dam upstream using wooden stakes, fishing nets, and sandbags. By morning, the dam was ready, and Baiju had it blown up with gunpowder, releasing the floodwaters downstream, which swept through Sulaiman’s camp.
General Baiju, leading the Mongol right wing, quickly defeated the resistance along the way and reached the upper Tigris River. About 50 kilometers from Baghdad, he encountered General Sulaiman, who had come to defend the city. Sulaiman ordered his cavalry to charge, but the Mongols scattered, retreating while shooting crossbow bolts at the {{i|ArabP}} [[Arabs|Arab]] riders. After a day of fighting, both sides suffered losses. They stopped for the night, and Sulaiman set up camp, planning to resume the battle the next day. For access to water, he camped in a low area near the Tigris River, which the Mongols had hoped for. That night, Baiju sent Mongol engineers to build a dam upstream using wooden stakes, fishing nets, and sandbags. By morning, the dam was ready, and Baiju had it blown up with gunpowder, releasing the floodwaters downstream, which swept through Sulaiman’s camp.
The Arab army camp was instantly engulfed by floodwaters. Arab soldiers panicked, desperately searching for wooden planks and other objects to stay afloat. Horses and tents were swept away, and only a few soldiers managed to escape, fleeing to higher ground. As the Arab army descended into chaos, Mongol cavalry approached from a distance, encircling them. They launched relentless attacks across the flooded terrain, using their powerful bows to shoot at the struggling Arab soldiers trapped in the mud, or piercing them one by one with long spears. In this way, the 15,000-strong Arab army was annihilated, except for General Sulayman and a few soldiers who managed to escape to {{i|Iraq}} [[Tikrit]]. The rest of the troops were completely wiped out.
The Tigris River bore witness to the complete destruction of the last remaining military strength of the Abbasid Empire. Caliph Al-Musta'sim could no longer muster any effective resistance. Following this victory, Hulagu Khan advanced rapidly, soon reaching the northern outskirts of Baghdad. Almost simultaneously, Baiju's southern army crushed scattered resistance and reached the southern gates of Baghdad, completing the Mongol encirclement of the city.
Hulegu Khan and his generals decided that the defenders of Baghdad had low morale, most of their best soldiers had already been defeated in battle, and al-Musta'sim had lost the will to fight. They believed that by using powerful catapults to attack the city, the caliph might surrender.
To prepare for the siege, Hulegu ordered his commander, {{i|ChineFolk}} [[Chinese Folk Religion|Guo Kan]], to lead 5,000 workers to build siege weapons day and night. And at the same time, Kitbuqa, who lead the left-wing army, was tasked with blocking the Tigris River to stop the caliph from escaping. They connected boats with iron chains across the river and sent patrol boats to watch the area.


MORE WIP
MORE WIP
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*{{i|Religion}} [[Religion|All Religions]] - I tolerate yuo, even take inspiration.
*{{i|Religion}} [[Religion|All Religions]] - I tolerate yuo, even take inspiration.
*{{i|RoVenice}} [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] & {{i|Republic of Genoa}} [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]] - Thanks for information about Europe so I can invade it!
*{{i|RoVenice}} [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] & {{i|Republic of Genoa}} [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]] - Thanks for information about Europe so I can invade it!
*{{i|Tibetan Empire}} [[Tibetan Empire]] - He respect me and pay taxes to me, so I didn't invade him.


=== Enemies ===
=== Enemies ===
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*{{i|KingdomPoland}} [[Kingdom of Poland]] - He was the last European clay I advanced into, shame… wish I could of decimate more Yuropeans.
*{{i|KingdomPoland}} [[Kingdom of Poland]] - He was the last European clay I advanced into, shame… wish I could of decimate more Yuropeans.
*{{i|Khwarazmian}} [[Khwarazmian Empire]] - <b>HAHA! THIS IS WHAT YOU GET FOR KILLING MY MONGOL ENVOY! WE COULD Have JUST BEEN FRIENDS, RULING THE WORLD TOGETHER WITH {{i|Byzantine}} [[Byzantine Empire|MY FRIEND]] BUT NO! YOU HAD TO BE A FOOL, A DUMB FOOL! WAS NOT KILLING MY ENVOY FOR NO REASON REALLY HARD TO DO?! NOW ALL YOUR CLAY BELONGS TO ME!</b>
*{{i|Khwarazmian}} [[Khwarazmian Empire]] - <b>HAHA! THIS IS WHAT YOU GET FOR KILLING MY MONGOL ENVOY! WE COULD Have JUST BEEN FRIENDS, RULING THE WORLD TOGETHER WITH {{i|Byzantine}} [[Byzantine Empire|MY FRIEND]] BUT NO! YOU HAD TO BE A FOOL, A DUMB FOOL! WAS NOT KILLING MY ENVOY FOR NO REASON REALLY HARD TO DO?! NOW ALL YOUR CLAY BELONGS TO ME!</b>
*{{i|Abbasid}} [[Abbasid Caliphate]] - Full of empty promises and empty threats. GET SACKED LOSER.


== How to draw ==
== How to draw ==
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== Gallery ==
== Gallery ==
<tabber>
<tabber>
|-|Regular=
<gallery widths=150px>
Mongolball version common.png|Alternate innaccurate design
</gallery>
|-|Informational=
|-|Informational=
<gallery widths=150px>
<gallery widths=150px>

Latest revision as of 14:47, 1 April 2025

“”I am the punishment of God. If you had not committed great sins, God would not have sent a punishment like me upon you.
— Genghis Khan

The Mongol Empire was a vast empire that stretched across Eurasia that existed in the 12th and 13th centuries, from 1206 up until 1271 (1368 if you count the Yuan Dynasty). He is the second largest empire ever, and the largest continuous empire. His conquests are infamous for being very ruthless and brutal, killing anyone who refused to surrender, but after the conquest, his rule will become more benevolent. Mongol Empire was also responsible for multiple plagues, because they launch the bodies of soldiers who died from disease into the cities they’re conquering, as biological warfare.

History

The Mongol Empire was founded by famous Genghis Khan in 1206, buy the unification of several nomadic tribes in the Mongol heartland. They would set out and ruthlessly conquer anyone they see in their path, believing it was God's will for them to unite the whole world.

Chinese Front

First, Mongol Empire attacked Western Xia in 1209, and defeated Xia in 1210. Western Xia swore allegiance to the Mongols, and helped them conquer the Jurchens, who refused to help Western Xia when he was being invaded. But this invasion was costly and not popular within the peoples of Xia, they refused to send anything to the Mongols for their other expeditions, and a general even mocked the Mongols. Genghis Khan was furious, and when he returned from his expeditions in 1225 he sent out to destroy Western Xia. But he fell off a horse and sustained serious injuries. Mongol wanted to retreat, but if they did it would look like they were scared of the little Xia. So, Mongol sent out an envoy to Western Xia to see if they were apologetic (if they were, Mongol can retreat without losing face). The emperor of Xia said he didn’t mock the Mongols, but the general stepped up and told Mongol that it was him who mocked, and challenged them to a battle. So, in 1227, Genghis Khan ordered a mass extermination of the Tangut people and the total destruction of their culture. Genghis died in the same year.

Mongol Empire conquered Jurchen Jin in 1234, with a little intervention from the Song Dynasty. The Song dynasty wouldn’t be conquered by the Mongols until the Yuan Dynasty was formed.

European Front

After killing Jin, Mongol Empire crossed and conquered the vast central Asian plains, smashing the Khwarazmian Empire in 1221 and leaving a trail of destruction. With nothing to stop them, the Mongols marched to Europe and killed the collapsing Kievan Rus' in 1240. This was considered the sole successful attempt anyone has ever taken to take all of Russia, since Kievan Rus’ is Russia’s direct ancestor.

After Kyivan Rus' was defeated, the Mongols headed to central Europe to prepare for battles with Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Byzantine Empire, and Kingdom of Hungary. The Mongols first attacked Poland, where they crushed a combined Polish-German-Templar army at the Battle of Legnica (1241), where Henry II the Pious was killed, his head put on a spear to warn others. At the same time, the Mongols invaded Hungary, annihilating the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohi (1241), forcing King Béla IV to flee. The small European states stood no chance against the Horde, and the Mongols were on the way to full success. However, the Grand Khan Ögedei had died, and a new Khagan had to be elected by the military leaders in the Kurultai[1] back in Asia. Thus the conquest of Europe came to an end as all of the Horde went back.

Middle Eastern Front

Conquest of Abbasid

In September 1257, Hulegu Khan, one of the many grandsons of Genghis, sent an envoy with a letter to Al-Musta'sim, the caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, harshly accusing him of breaking his promise. Al-Mustasim had agreed to join the Mongol army in attacking the Nizari Ismailis but did not send a single soldier. Instead, he sheltered the remnants of the Nizari Ismailis, openly opposing the Mongols.

In the letter, Hulagu warned Al-Mustasim:

“ I respect your ancient and great Arab lineage, but the moon only shines when it is not obscured by clouds. Do not shut your eyes and ears, do not strike an egg against a rock, and do not try to smear mud over the sun. Otherwise, you will face severe consequences. If the Mongol army is enraged and marches upon Baghdad, not a single person in your kingdom will survive. Your city will be utterly destroyed. If you wish to preserve your family, heed my advice. If you remain stubborn, then let us see whose side God will take! ”

In other words, "Let's wait and see."

In response to Hulagu’s warning, Al-Mustasim replied defiantly:

“ You overestimate your strength. You will get nothing from me. If victory could be achieved through mere threats and imagination, why would the Mongols need swords? Forcing me to submit is as impossible as plucking the stars from the sky. Before I am enraged, you had better return to where you came from. So far, every invader who has dared to threaten the Abbasid family and Baghdad has met a tragic fate. ”

Upon hearing this, Hulagu was furious and immediately ordered his army to march on Baghdad. The fate of the Abbasids were now sealed. The advancing Mongol forces kicked up dust that darkened the sky, and the ground trembled from their approach.

Realizing that the Mongols were serious, Al-Mustasim became fearful and consulted his ministers on how to respond. His court was divided into two factions. The pro-peace faction, led by the vizier, proposed sending vast amounts of gold, silver, and jewels as tribute to appease the Mongols, believing that they spared those who surrendered. The pro-war faction, led by General Sulaiman Shah, argued for a resolute defense, insisting that the Mongols were merciless and that past massacres proved surrender was futile—doing so would only lead to slaughter. He urged the mobilization of the population, recruitment of soldiers, preparation for war, scorched-earth tactics, and fortification of the city.

After much hesitation, Al-Mustasim abandoned the idea of surrender and resolved to fight the Mongols.

Sulaiman strongly pushed for preparing Baghdad’s defenses, believing that retreat or surrender would only lead to disaster. He urged fortifying the city and mobilizing troops, while the local population supported the war effort.

However, as time passed, a major problem arose—soldiers needed food and supplies to fight. Sulaiman asked Al-Mustasim for resources, but the Caliph was unwilling to spend money. After much delay, he reluctantly provided only a small amount, not even enough for a proper meal. Disheartened, many troops abandoned their posts, and morale plummeted before the Mongols even arrived.

In October 1257, Hulagu Khan’s army reached Kermanshah and easily defeated a small garrison of Turkic mercenaries. From there, Baghdad was only 200 kilometers away. Hulagu sent another demand for surrender, but Al-Mustasim still refused to act. He neither strengthened defenses nor prepared for battle. Instead, he stayed in his palace, praying and hoping for divine intervention from Allah. He even warned the Mongols with empty threats, claiming that attacking Baghdad would bring disaster upon them.

Upon receiving the envoy’s report of those threats, Hulagu summoned a wise elder named Nasir al-Din to predict the outcome of the war.

Nasir al-Din told Hulagu, "My respected Great Khan, none of the things the Caliph has warned about will come to pass." Hulagu asked, "Then what will happen?" Nasir al-Din replied, "Great Khan, you will replace the Caliph."

Overjoyed by this prophecy, Hulagu ordered his army to advance in three divisions:

  1. Kitbuqa Noyan led the left-wing army, attacking the lower Tigris River and encircling Baghdad from the south.
  2. Baiju Noyan commanded the right-wing army, advancing along the upper Tigris River from the north.
  3. Hulagu himself led the central force, marching directly toward Baghdad.

General Baiju, leading the Mongol right wing, quickly defeated the resistance along the way and reached the upper Tigris River. About 50 kilometers from Baghdad, he encountered General Sulaiman, who had come to defend the city. Sulaiman ordered his cavalry to charge, but the Mongols scattered, retreating while shooting crossbow bolts at the Arab riders. After a day of fighting, both sides suffered losses. They stopped for the night, and Sulaiman set up camp, planning to resume the battle the next day. For access to water, he camped in a low area near the Tigris River, which the Mongols had hoped for. That night, Baiju sent Mongol engineers to build a dam upstream using wooden stakes, fishing nets, and sandbags. By morning, the dam was ready, and Baiju had it blown up with gunpowder, releasing the floodwaters downstream, which swept through Sulaiman’s camp.

The Arab army camp was instantly engulfed by floodwaters. Arab soldiers panicked, desperately searching for wooden planks and other objects to stay afloat. Horses and tents were swept away, and only a few soldiers managed to escape, fleeing to higher ground. As the Arab army descended into chaos, Mongol cavalry approached from a distance, encircling them. They launched relentless attacks across the flooded terrain, using their powerful bows to shoot at the struggling Arab soldiers trapped in the mud, or piercing them one by one with long spears. In this way, the 15,000-strong Arab army was annihilated, except for General Sulayman and a few soldiers who managed to escape to Tikrit. The rest of the troops were completely wiped out.

The Tigris River bore witness to the complete destruction of the last remaining military strength of the Abbasid Empire. Caliph Al-Musta'sim could no longer muster any effective resistance. Following this victory, Hulagu Khan advanced rapidly, soon reaching the northern outskirts of Baghdad. Almost simultaneously, Baiju's southern army crushed scattered resistance and reached the southern gates of Baghdad, completing the Mongol encirclement of the city.

Hulegu Khan and his generals decided that the defenders of Baghdad had low morale, most of their best soldiers had already been defeated in battle, and al-Musta'sim had lost the will to fight. They believed that by using powerful catapults to attack the city, the caliph might surrender.

To prepare for the siege, Hulegu ordered his commander, Guo Kan, to lead 5,000 workers to build siege weapons day and night. And at the same time, Kitbuqa, who lead the left-wing army, was tasked with blocking the Tigris River to stop the caliph from escaping. They connected boats with iron chains across the river and sent patrol boats to watch the area.

MORE WIP

Relationships

Friends

  • All Religions - I tolerate yuo, even take inspiration.
  • Venice & Genoa - Thanks for information about Europe so I can invade it!
  • Tibetan Empire - He respect me and pay taxes to me, so I didn't invade him.

Enemies

  • Western Xia - I offered help as my vassal and YUO MOCK ME?! KILL THE ENTIRE POPULATION! DESTROY EVERYTHING!
  • Kievan Rus' - With yuo gone, I can into Europe!! HUAHUAHUA
  • Kingdom of Poland - He was the last European clay I advanced into, shame… wish I could of decimate more Yuropeans.
  • Khwarazmian Empire - HAHA! THIS IS WHAT YOU GET FOR KILLING MY MONGOL ENVOY! WE COULD Have JUST BEEN FRIENDS, RULING THE WORLD TOGETHER WITH MY FRIEND BUT NO! YOU HAD TO BE A FOOL, A DUMB FOOL! WAS NOT KILLING MY ENVOY FOR NO REASON REALLY HARD TO DO?! NOW ALL YOUR CLAY BELONGS TO ME!
  • Abbasid Caliphate - Full of empty promises and empty threats. GET SACKED LOSER.

How to draw

War Tug of the Mongol Empire

Mongol Empire has a drawing rating of hard.

  1. Draw a ball.
  2. Draw a golden stripe at along inside the top of the ball.
  3. Add some square patterns in a lighter gold inside the golden stripe.
  4. Fill the rest with black.
  5. Draw two blue stripes going down the ball vertically.
  6. Draw a blue stripe horizontally across.
  7. Border the blue stripes with white.
  8. On the two crossing points of the vertical stripes and the horizontal stripe, add two gold plates.
  9. Add eyes and you are done!
  10. Add Mongol helmet (highly recommended)

Color Name HEX
Black #1A1A1A
Blue #0085CC
White #FFFFFF

Gallery

  • Alternate innaccurate design

    Alternate innaccurate design

Notes

  1. ↑ A kurultai (/kʊrʊlˈtaɪ/, lit. 'gathering'), also called a qurultai, was a political and military council of ancient Mongol and Turkic chiefs and khans.
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