Guinea-Bissau: Difference between revisions
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== History == | == History == | ||
===1970s-1990s=== | ===1970s-1990s=== | ||
On 24 September 1973, Guniea-Bissau declared independence from [[File:Portugal-icon.png]] [[Portuguese Empire|Portugal]]. This was recognized on September 10, 1974. [[File:MarxLenin-icon.png]] [[Marxism-Leninism|Luís Cabral]] becomes the first president, his era is marked with repression, human rights violations, and favoritism towards certain ethnicities. On 14 November 1980, a military coup led by [[File:IllibDem-icon.png]] [[Illiberal Democracy|João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira]] ousts president [[File:MarxLenin-icon.png]] [[Marxism-Leninism|Luís Cabral]]. [[File:IllibDem-icon.png]] [[Illiberal Democracy|Vieira]] becomes the new president. In 1984, a new [[File:Constitutionalism-icon.png]] [[Constitutionalism|constitution]] is adopted. [[File:IllibDem-icon.png]] [[Illiberal Democracy|Vieira]] is elected as president in a single-party system. | On 24 September 1973, Guniea-Bissau declared independence from [[File:Portugal-icon.png]] [[Portuguese Empire|Portugal]]. This was recognized on September 10, 1974. [[File:MarxLenin-icon.png]] [[Marxism-Leninism|Luís Cabral]] becomes the first president, his era is marked with repression, human rights violations, and favoritism towards certain ethnicities. On 14 November 1980, a military coup led by [[File:IllibDem-icon.png]] [[Illiberal Democracy|João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira]] ousts president [[File:MarxLenin-icon.png]] [[Marxism-Leninism|Luís Cabral]]. [[File:IllibDem-icon.png]] [[Illiberal Democracy|Vieira]] becomes the new president. In 1984, a new [[File:Constitutionalism-icon.png]] [[Constitutionalism|constitution]] is adopted. [[File:IllibDem-icon.png]] [[Illiberal Democracy|Vieira]] is elected as president in a single-party system. | ||
Revision as of 19:55, 9 June 2024
Guinea-Bissau is a small West African country. Officially known as the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, he is bordered by 
Senegal to the north, 
Guinea to the south and east, and the 
Atlantic Ocean to the west. Covering an area of approximately 36,125 square kilometers, he is home to an estimated population of around 2 million people.
The economy of Guinea-Bissau is largely based on agriculture, with cashew nuts being the main export product. He, the country, also has significant potential in fishing and tourism, thanks to its beautiful archipelago of the 
Bijagós Islands, which boasts unique biodiversity and pristine beaches.
History
1970s-1990s
On 24 September 1973, Guniea-Bissau declared independence from 
Portugal. This was recognized on September 10, 1974. 
Luís Cabral becomes the first president, his era is marked with repression, human rights violations, and favoritism towards certain ethnicities. On 14 November 1980, a military coup led by 
João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira ousts president Luís Cabral. Vieira becomes the new president. In 1984, a new 
constitution is adopted. Vieira is elected as president in a single-party system.
The May 31, 1988, the National Ethnographic Museum in 
Bissau, the capital city is opened, aiming to preserve and promote the cultural heritage of Guinea-Bissau.
In 1991, multi-party politics is introduced. This was followed by Guinea-Bissau’s first multi-party elections in 1994. Nino Vieira is elected again as president.
Between 7 June 1998 and 10 May 1999, civil war erupts between government forces and 
military rebels. Vieira is ousted in the end.
2000s
In 2000, 
Kumba Ialá is elected President in the first peaceful transfer of power. But in 2003 Kumba Ialá is overthrown in a bloodless coup led by 
Veríssimo Correia Seabra. And in 2005, Nino Vieira returns from exile and wins the presidential election, again.
In 2008, Guinea-Bissau decided to become a signatory to the 
West Africa Coastal Areas Management Program (WACA) to address coastal erosion and flooding.
On March 2, 2009, Guinea-Bissau’s president Nino Vieira is assassinated during an attack on his residence. So, in June, 
Malam Bacai Sanhá is elected President.
2010s
The year 2010 saw the launch of the Guinea-Bissau Social and Economic Development Plan aimed at reducing poverty and improving infrastructure. In 2012, president Sanhá dies in office. A coup interrupts the election process, and interim governments and transitional councils follow. In 2014 
José Mário Vaz is elected president in a peaceful election.
In 2016, Guinea-Bissau, the country is hit by a severe cholera outbreak, prompting international health interventions. In 2017, Guinea-Bissau's Bijagós Archipelago is designated a 
UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, recognizing its ecological and cultural significance. In 2019 
Umaro Sissoco Embaló wins the 
presidential election, but disputes over the result lead to a prolonged political crisis.
2020s
In 2020, Umaro Sissoco Embaló is inaugurated as president amidst political tensions. In 2021, renewable energy projects are introduced to improve electricity access in rural areas.
In 2022, an attempted coup is thwarted in February, highlighting what an unstable country Guinea-Bissau is.
