San Marino
San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino, also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino, formerly known as Land of San Marino is an enclaved microstate located in Europe, on the Italian Peninsula. He is the oldest republic ever, being 1,723 years old as of 2024.
The country's economy is mainly based on finance, industry, services, retail, and tourism. He The country's economy is mainly based on finance, industry, services, retail, and tourism. He is one of the wealthiest countries in the world in GDP per capita, with a figure comparable to the most developed European regions. Despite this, his Human Development Index score is 44th, the lowest in Western Europe.
History
Early Years and Origin
According to tradition, San Marino, the world's fifth smallest state and purportedly the oldest surviving republic, traces its origins to 301 AD. Legend has it that a 
Christian stonemason named Marinus, later venerated as 
Saint Marinus, fled persecution in the 
Roman Empire and settled on 
Mount Titano after the emperor 
Diocletian called for the reconstruction of 
Rimini's city walls. Marinus established a small community that eventually evolved into the Republic of San Marino.
Middle Ages
Years went on, and this tiny country was doing its own thing peacefully because the other nations of the Italian Peninsula were having their fights and squabbles with each other. The other nations did not care about this tiny rock.
Later papers from the 9th century report a well-organized, open, and proud community: the writings report that the bishop ruled this territory. In the Lombard age, San Marino was a fief of the dukes of 
Spoleto, but the free commune dates to the tenth century.
Originally, San Marino's government was run by a self-governing group called the Arengo, made up of family leaders similar to the ancient Roman Senate. In 1243, the roles of Captains Regent were established as the shared leaders, each serving for six months. The earliest laws of the state go back to 1263. San Marino had a strong alliance with the Pope and, together, they fought against the 
Malatesta family in Rimini. As a result, San Marino gained control over the regions of 
Fiorentino, 
Montegiardino, and 
Serraville.
Renaissance, Napoleon, and Italian Unification
In 1503, 
Cesare Borgia who was an illegitimate son of 
Pope Alexander VI occupied San Marino but was kicked out by Pope Julius II and Borgia left. Then in 1543, 
Fabiano di Monte San Savino, the nephew of Pope Julius III tried to invade San Marino but then lost due to heavy fog and the army retreated.
Because San Marino was tiny, he sought protection from the Pope. 
The Holy See confirmed the independence of San Marino in 1631. It was a big deal because in those days, having your Pope recognize your country meant that your country was legitimate. In 1739, 
Giulio Alberonni, the Papal Governor of Ravenna occupied San Marino but then got scolded by Pope Clement XII and left. In the 1800s, 
Napoleon came along and invaded Italy.
Against all odds, San Marino wasn't invaded by Napoleon nor imported into Italian states because 
Antonio Onofri, the Captain's Regent of San Marino was friends with Napoleon. San Marino at that time also had Republicanism, something that Napoleon was a big fan of. Napoleon offered to expand San Marino's territory but he rejected it. When Napoleon was defeated in 1815, San Marino did not get any repercussions and stayed independent according to the Congress of 
Vienna.
During the Italian unification, San Marino provided refuge for 
Garibaldi who was being chased by 
Austrians, the 
French, the 
Spanish, and the 
Portuguese. San Marino told Garibaldi that it did not wish to be incorporated into Italy. Garibaldi decided that San Marino should stay independent. Garibaldi decided to beat 
Southern Italy in the Expedition of the Thousand which happened between 1860 and 1861. Italy was united by Garibaldi and kept his promise to allow San Marino to be independent.
During the American Civil War, The 
Union allied with the Republic of San Marino against the 
Confederacy and made 
Abraham Lincoln an honorary citizen because republics together strong.
WWI and WWII
During WW1, San Marino stayed neutral during the war. Italy was not happy because they feared that San Marino was hiding 
Austrian spies so they sent some troops to San Marino but San Marino did not comply. San Marino cut off communications with Italy. Even though they cut off communications, they still sent 20 volunteers to the 
Italian Army. 
Austria-Hungary was not happy with these troops and they decided to cut off communications with San Marino.
During the Interwar period, San Marino built railways. During WW2, San Marino maintained neutrality throughout the war. However, the 
Brits still mistakenly bombed San Marino. In September 1944, the 
Germans briefly occupied San Marino but were kicked out by the British and the Germans lost. Throughout WW2, San Marino provided refuge for more than a hundred thousand civilians, which is a huge effort considering that its inhabitants were numbered around 15,000 citizens at that time.
Cold War and Modern Era
After WW2, San Marino fell in love with the 
communists for two periods, the former between 1945 to 1957, and the latter being 1978-1990. At that time, San Marino had the world's first 
democratically elected communist government because the 
Communist Party and 
Socialist Party formed a coalition with each other. Since San Marino was weak, tiny, and harmless, the 
United States did not bother to invade the crap out of San Marino.
In 1992, the Most Serene Republic of San Marino became a member of the 
United Nations but did not care to join the European Union, although he uses the 
Euro as his currency. On 5 September 2024, San Marino defeated 
Liechtenstein 1–0 in the 2024–25 UEFA Nations League for their first competitive win since joining 
FIFA and 
UEFA. Throughout history, San Marino has had long-standing neutrality, preceding that of 
Switzerland by several centuries. In summary, he loved his 
God and the Pope, helped his neighbors in time of need, and so everyone wants to protect this tiny and friendly nation today.
Relations
Friends
Italy - A necessary friend, and a best! Also control your virus!
Andorra - Another microstate friend who is old. Is a peaceful country like me.
Malta - Microstate friend. Also helpings me in 
Eurovision 2018.
Vatican City - Another fellow enclave completely surrounded by Italia.
Enemies
Roman Empire - I gained independence. YOU WILL NEVER TAKE ME ALIVE!
Emilia-Romagna - Why yuo block my access to the sea? GIB SEA PLOX!!!
How to draw
San Marino has a drawing rating of hard.
- Draw a ball
- Fill the top half with white and bottom with blue
- Draw a hollow yellow shield in the middle
- Draw a blue sky and green land in the hollow shield
- Add three gray castles on the green land
- Add a yellow crown on top of the shield
- Add green leaves around the shield
- Add a white banner with the black text “LIBERTAS” on it
- Add eyes and done!
Main Colours
| Color Name | HEX | |
|---|---|---|
| Blue Jeans | #5EB6E4 | |
| White | #FFFFFF | |
Emblem Colours
| Color Name | HEX | |
|---|---|---|
| Saffron | #F1BF31 | |
| Satin Sheen Gold | #D99F31 | |
| Russian Green | #658D5C | |
| Olivine | #94BB79 | |
