Century of Humiliation

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Hundred Years of National Humiliation : 百年國恥
←      → 1839 – 1945
the cake of empires
General Information
Time of Exist:	4 September 1839 - 2 September 1945
Government:	Absolute Monarchy (1839-1911, 1915-1916) Provisional Government (1912-1913) Warlord-Ruled Factions (1916-1928) One-Party State (1925-1945)
Relations and Opinions
Friends:	Boxers
Enemies:	Empire of Japan British Empire French Colonial Empire French Third Republic
Historical Information
Preceded By:	Qing Dynasty
Succeeded By:	Republic of China after WWII

_“ The opening of China by Western powers through the Opium Wars was not about civilizing an ancient culture, but about commercial greed and imperialism.
— John King Fairbank

The century of humiliation was a period in Chinese history beginning with the First Opium War (1839–1842, Qing Dynasty), and ending in 1945 with China emerging out of the Second World War as one of the Big Four. During this period of roughly a hundred years, China was is typified by decline, defeat and political fragmentation. Foreign, mainly European powers like Britain and Russia exploited China for goods and clay. They intervened, annexed and subjugated China. In the century of humiliation, China is seen as a weak and crumbling empire.

History

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Wörk, wörk, wörk. - Germany

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Chinese nationalists in the 1920s and the 1930s dated the Century of Humiliation to the mid-19th century, on the eve of the First Opium War amidst the dramatic political unraveling of Qing China that followed.

Defeats by foreign powers cited as part of the Century of Humiliation include the following:

• Western and Japanese Trade in Opium to China (1800s–1940s)
• Defeat in the First Opium War (1839–1842)
• British occupation of Hong Kong (1841-1997)
• Treaty of Nanking (1842)
• Treaty of Whampoa (1844)
• Defeat in the Second Opium War (1856–1860)
• Treaty of Aigun (1858)
• Treaty of Peking (1860)
• The sacking and looting of the Old Summer Palace by Anglo-French forces (1860)
• Partial defeat during the Sino-French War (1884–1885)
• Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895)

Collapse of Qing Dynasty

ROC defeated Qing Dynasty during the Xinhai Rebellion to abolish monarchy and kicked out the Manchus.

Gallery

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