China

Template:CountryInfoChina (中國), literally known as the Middle Kingdom, is a country and civilization located in East Asia. This civilization is built on the Yellow and Yangtze rivers, and is traditionally considered to have around 5000 years of uninterrupted history, making him the longest continuous civilization. The opening of the Silk Road and the spread of China's Four Great Inventions (papermaking, the compass, gunpowder, and printing) to the West helped accelerate the development of European civilization.

The Chinese culture is a profound culture, built on the ideas of virtue and karma. Traditionally and generally, China is a Confucian country, with the Chinese Calendar (農曆) as his calendar system and the Five Lunas (五倫) as his moral code.

歷史 (History)

王朝前 (Pre-Dynastic)

In ancient China, before all the dynasties, there were three rivaling tribes. One is led by the Yellow Empror (also known as Huangdi), one is led by Shennong (also known as the Yan Emperor), and one is led by Chiyou.

Shennong and his tribe focused on agriculture, medicine, and herbalism. During times where people died quickly from disease and bad food, he taught his people how to farm, domesticate animals, and even taste hundreds of herbs to discover their effects, leading his tribe to thrive more than the others. Shennong had clashes with Chiyou, and was defeated and had to retreat, running into the Yellow Emperor who then fought and also defeated Shennong.

Chiyou's clan were a violent clan. They made the best of weapons and are a confederation of many tribes that like to war. And with the growing threat of him, Yellow Emperor decided to merge Shennong's tribe to his, creating the Yan-Huang Alliance. This alliance, with the power of the Huang and the life quality of the Yan, was very strong. So, they went to war with Chiyou at the Battle of Zhuolu circa 2500 BC. Beasts and birds fought alongside both sides. In the end, Yan-Huang was victorious, and Chiyou was beheaded.

After Chiyou’s defeat, the Yellow Emperor unified the tribes and laid the foundation of Chinese civilization. He is often regarded as the ancestor of the Han Chinese and the first great ruler of China. The Yellow Emperor then stepped down later on to pass his rule to a capable and virtuous man, thus starting the abdication system. There were five emperors who succeeded Yellow Emperor, all had their rule granted to them for their virtue, and they were known as the Five Emperors (五帝):

• Shaohao (2597 BC-2514 BC)
• Zhuanxu (2514 BC-2436 BC)
• Ku (2436 BC-2366 BC)
• Yao (2366 BC-2256 BC)
• Shun (2256 BC-2205 BC)

In the reign of emperor Yao, there was a great flood. The Chinese people suffered. A man named Gun (鯀) was appointed to the task of controlling the flood. Gun used dykes, made from the self-renewing soil (息壤) he stole from the gods, to try to stop the flooding. It worked well at first, but the dykes rose too high and collapsed, killing many people. Gun was executed by Yao's successor Shun for his failures, either that, or he committed suicide by jumping into the abyss. Before he died, he told his son Yu the Great to finish the job. Yu did an excellent job, and he founded the Xia Dynasty, the first Chinese dynasty.

上古王朝 (Ancient Dynastic)

After the Xia Dynasty was founded in 2205 BC and Yu grew old, he wanted to pick a virtuous successor like the ones before him. But his candidate died before Yu, and when Yu died the people wanted Yu's son Qi to be ruler and pressured him to do so. So, China's long dynastic rule began. The last king of Xia, Jie, was immoral so the heavens sent Shang to depose the now-corrupt Xia in 1776 BC. This was the beginning of the "Mandate of Heaven" idea, where if a dynasty was too corrupt, it is in Heaven's right to let people depose of it.

The Shangball was expert at bronze making, and their civilization thrived. But their virtue fell short after 30 kings and 600 years of ruling. So the Zhou came and deposed him in 1122 BC. Zhou made a feudal system, but the central authority lost power in 770 BC and China became Agar.io and many many little states are battling each other. Many philosophies were born in this era, known as the Hundred Schools of Thought, and figures like Confucius and Lao-Tzu had huge impact on the Chinese nation. By 475 BC, only 7 major states were left, and the Qin state under Qin Shi Huang came victorious and united China by destroying the 6 other states in 221 BC.

早期帝國 (Early Imperial)

Ancient China experienced many dynastic changes, alternating between periods of unification and division. Examples of unification include Qin, Han, Western Jin, Sui, Tang, Northern Song (partial unification), Yuan, Ming, Qing, etc. Examples of division include the Spring and Autumn and Warring States, the Three Kingdoms, Five Barbarians, Northern-Southern Dynasties, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan period, and so on.

The Qin Dynasty unified China, and also unified a lot of systems, such as the currency and measurement systems. Qin also ordered the creation of the Great Wall of China, by connecting and building on the smaller separated walls that were built before to keep the barbarians out. Qin was also a tyrant, working the Chinese people to death on the Great Wall, burning books and burying scholars of dissenting philosophies alive. Qin Shi Huang died by drinking a potion of immortality (liquid mercury) in 210 BC, and the Qin dynasty collapsed soon afterwords in 206 BC. After this, China broke into Eighteen Kingdoms, and the fengjian (feudal) states of Chu and Han battled for supremacy. The Han won and united China in 206 BC, and China experienced a golden age. The Silk Road, a network of trading routes where different far-away countries trade their goods, was established by the Han. The Han also built protectorates in Central Asia, and expanded the empire's territory considerably, with military campaigns reaching Mongolia, Korea, and Yunnan. Han also recovered lost territories from Nanyue.

The Han broke up into the infamous Three Kingdoms ( Cao Wei, Shu Han, Eastern Wu) in 220, and united once more under the incompetent Jin Dynasty in 280. In 304, many barbarians invaded the north and set up many states, known as the Sixteen Kingdoms. The Jin dynasty fell in 420 and was replaced by a series of succeeding dynasties in the south. The barbarians in the north got unified by Northern Wei in 439 and when Wei fell in 535 the north was replaced by a series of several coexisting different barbarian dynasties. This period was known as the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

The Northern dynasties are:

• Northern Wei (386-535)
  • Eastern Wei (534-550)
  • Western Wei (535-557)
• Northern Qi (550-577)
• Northern Zhou (557-581)

The Southern dynasties are:

• Liu Song (420-479)
• Southern Qi (479–502)
• Liang Dynasty (502-557)
• Chen Dynasty (557-589)

中期帝國 (Middle Imperial)

The Sui Dynasty was founded in 581, and after eliminating Chen in 589, China was unified again, brining an end to the 270 years of division. Although Sui wasn't nearly as great as the previous unified dynasties, he still managed to build achievements such as grand canals. The Sui collapsed in 618 and the Tang succeeded, building a great empire and another golden age. Arts and military thrived in the Tang, building protectorates in lands so far away that China made direct contact with the Arabic empire. The capital of Chang'an was flourishing. The Silk Road prospered, bringing traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa

The decline of the Tang dynasty began when a general named An Lushan formed the Yan Dynasty and rebelled in 755, causing massive destruction. This rebellion was put to an end in 763. In 907, the Tang collapsed in turmoil as the local government generals became ungovernable.

The Song Dynasty ended the separatist situation in 960, leading to a balance of power between the Song and the Liao Dynasty. The Song was the first government in world history to issue paper money and the first Chinese polity to establish a permanent navy which was supported by the developed shipbuilding industry along with the sea trade.

But, the Song and the Liao both started to slack off due to the lack of conflicts during their later years. This weakness allowed the Jin Dynasty took over the Liao in 1125 and further humiliate the Song. Then, in 1234, the Mongols came and destroyed Jin. His descendent, Yuan, proclaimed himself as the true China and killed Song in 1279. Before the Yuan's invasion, the population of Song China was 120 million citizens. Only 60 million were left by the time of the census in 1300.

晚期王朝 (Late Imperial)

The Ming Dynasty was formed in 1368 when he kicked the Mongols out of power. China then experienced another golden age, developing one of the strongest navies in the world and a rich and prosperous economy amid a flourishing of art and culture. It was during this period that admiral Zheng He sent out in great voyages throughout the Indian Ocean, reaching as far as East Africa.

In 1644, the Manchus led a successful invasion of Ming. They formed the Qing Dynasty. This transition period (1618-1683) costed 25 million lives, but the Qing soon grew powerful and conquested many lands, including Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang. Korea, Nepal, and many nations of Southeast Asia became tributary states to China. Qing became the 4th largest empire in history. Even though ruled by Manchus, the Qing admired Han culture and adapted to it.

In the mid-19th century, Qing began to decline. Qing isolated himself from the isolated world, so the Western powers came knocking on his door. They defeated him in battles, made him sign humiliating treaties, and got his people addicted to opium. Finally, this humiliation caught up with the Chinese people and they decided to kick the Manchus out of power in 1911 through the Xinhai Revolution, bringing an end to 4000 years of dynastic rule.

民國時代 (Republic)

The Republic of China was founded in 1912, being one of the first republics in Asia. However, the president, Yuan Shikai, proclaimed the Empire of China in 1915. The people weren't happy with this so the republic was restored in 1916, but ROC collapsed into many different cliques led by warlords.

In the 1920s, the Kuomintang rose up and controlled most of south China. He was at conflict with the northern cliques, and tried to unify China again. However, Japan invaded in 1937 and committed horrible war crimes. The KMT, with help from the Allies and other loyal cliques, eventually fought Japan off in 1945. But the CPC exploited the KMT government's weakness after Japan's invasion to drive him to Formosa Island, and the communists took control of the mainland.

中共時代 (Communist)

Main article: People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China was founded by the communists, and they set out for a bunch of violent campaigns that caused the deaths of tens of millions and negatively effected at least half the population. Traditional Chinese culture was also destroyed. Tibet was annexed in 1951.

The communists caused a Great Famine (1959-1961) with their terrible policies, and it was the worst famine in human history. The Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) caused great turmoil across the country as the communists advocated and pushed for the destruction of basically everything.

After 1976, PRC's economy was wrecked and needed to implement capitalistic reforms to save himself. Since then, China has become an oppressive oligarchal regime. The brutal suppression remained.

What's different about the PRC from the previous governments of China is that the dynasties before all killed and conquered because there was an enemy, while the PRC makes enemies out of regular people and his allies just for the sake of killing.

文化 (Culture)

Traditional Chinese culture has undergone thousands of years of historical development, which is the result of long-term mutual exchanges, borrowing and integration of ancient cultures of various regions and ethnic groups. During this process, China has formed a pluralistic and integrated Chinese cultural pattern. The Han culture, as its main body, had a profound influence on Japan, Korea and Southeast Asia, forming the Sinosphere.

Chinese faith is not characterized by a single predominant religion as is often the case in other countries. Still, the Chinese people have a firm belief in gods and Buddhas, and religious beliefs are the foundation of China's traditional culture. Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, and even Western religions have coexisted peacefully in China for thousands of years. Religious persecution were very rare (until the bandits came along).

領土 (Territory)

Ancient China did not have the concept of 'country'. While hegemons frequently battled over territory, national borders were rarely permanently defined. Instead, these lords believed in a basic principle: All lands were under the watch of Heaven, and belonged to no earthly king.

But dynasties united China as effectively as a country. The emperor, known as the Son of Heaven, granted titles to rulers of surrounding territories. By accepting the titles, they became officials of the established dynasty, and were expected to pay tribute to the emperor. Dynasties thus united multiple regions and ethnic groups under a single administration.

地理 (Geography)

China's geography is diverse. The central plains is considered the Han Chinese heartland where China originated from (more ancient roots are actually more westward).

動物 (Animals)

China is infamous for his Giant Pandas, which are bears with black and white fur that only eat bamboo. China is iconic for his Red Pandas, Oriental Storks, Giant Salamanders, and Golden-Nosed Snub Monkeys.

瑣事 (Trivia)

• In Imperial China, dragon designs were strictly regulated. Commoners could use three-clawed dragons, nobles four, and only the emperor could use five. Unauthorized use was considered treason.
• China did not invent the fortune cookie, Japan did. Still, they became a common symbol of Chinese restaurants in the west.
• The number 250 (二百五) is a swear word in Chinese.

統治者名單 (List of Rulers)

Here is the main line of Chinese rulers. Note that puppet rulers are included. Also, the first generally accepted historical dating in Chinese history is 841 BC, the beginning of the Gonghe (共和) regency. Any date before that is speculation and it's almost certain that it's not 100% correct. This section is also WIP

Rulers of China

Name	Chinese Name	No.	Years (BC/AD)	Dynasty
Fuxi	伏羲	-	2852 BC-2738 BC	Predynastic
Shennong	神農	-	2738 BC-2637 BC	Predynastic
Yellow Emperor	黃帝	-	2637 BC-2597 BC	Predynastic
Shaohao	少皞	-	2597 BC-2514 BC	Predynastic
Zhuanxu	顓頊	-	2514 BC-2436 BC	Predynastic
Emperor Ku	嚳	-	2436 BC-2366 BC	Predynastic
Emperor Yao	堯	-	2366 BC-2256 BC	Predynastic
Emperor Shun	舜	-	2256 BC-2205 BC	Predynastic
Yu the Great	大禹	1	2205 BC-2160 BC	Xia Dynasty
Qi of Xia	啟	2	2160 BC-2150 BC	Xia Dynasty
Tai Kang	太康	3	2150 BC-2158 BC	Xia Dynasty
Hou Yi	后羿	4	2158 BC-2121 BC	Interregnum
Zhong Kang	仲康	5	2121 BC-2108 BC	Xia Dynasty
Xiang of Xia	相	6	2108 BC-2100 BC	Xia Dynasty
Han Zhao	寒浞	7	2100 BC-2061 BC	Interregnum
Shao Kang	少康	8	2061 BC-2059 BC	Xia Dynasty
Zhu of Xia	杼	9	2059 BC-2042 BC	Xia Dynasty
Huai of Xia	槐	10	2042 BC-2016 BC	Xia Dynasty
Mang of Xia	芒	11	2016 BC-1998 BC	Xia Dynasty
Xie of Xia	泄	12	1998 BC-1982 BC	Xia Dynasty
Bu Jiang	不降	13	1982 BC-1923 BC	Xia Dynasty
Jiong of Xia	扃	14	1923 BC-1902 BC	Xia Dynasty
Jin of Xia	廑	15	1902 BC-1881 BC	Xia Dynasty
Kong Jia	孔甲	16	1881 BC-1850 BC	Xia Dynasty
Gao of Xia	皋	17	1850 BC-1839 BC	Xia Dynasty
Fa of Xia	發	18	1839 BC-1828 BC	Xia Dynasty
Jie of Xia	桀	19	1828 BC-1776 BC	Xia Dynasty
Tang	汤	20	1776 BC-1754 BC	Shang Dynasty
Bu Bing	卜丙	21	1754 BC-1736 BC	Shang Dynasty
Zhong Ren	仲壬	22	1736 BC-1732 BC	Shang Dynasty
Tai Jia	太甲	23	1732 BC-1720 BC	Shang Dynasty
Wo Ding	沃丁	24	1720 BC-1692 BC	Shang Dynasty
Tai Geng	太庚	25	1692 BC-1667 BC	Shang Dynasty
Xiao Jia	小甲	26	1667 BC-1650 BC	Shang Dynasty
Yong Ji	雍己	27	1650 BC-1638 BC	Shang Dynasty
Tai Wu	太戊	28	1638 BC-1563 BC	Shang Dynasty
Zhong Ding	仲丁	29	1563 BC-1550 BC	Shang Dynasty
Wei Ren	外壬	30	1550 BC-1535 BC	Shang Dynasty
He Dan Jia	河亶甲	31	1535 BC-1526 BC	Shang Dynasty
Zu Yi	祖乙	32	1526 BC-1507 BC	Shang Dynasty
Zu Xin	祖辛	33	1507 BC-1491 BC	Shang Dynasty
Wo Jia	沃甲	34	1491 BC-1466 BC	Shang Dynasty
Zu Ding	祖丁	35	1466 BC-1434 BC	Shang Dynasty
Nan Geng	南庚	36	1434 BC-1409 BC	Shang Dynasty
Yang Jia	陽甲	37	1409 BC-1402 BC	Shang Dynasty
Pan Geng	盤庚	38	1402 BC-1374 BC	Shang Dynasty
Xiao Xin	小辛	39	1374 BC-1353 BC	Shang Dynasty
Xiao Yi	小乙	40	1353 BC-1325 BC	Shang Dynasty
Wu Ding	武丁	41	1325 BC-1266 BC	Shang Dynasty
Zu Geng	祖庚	42	1266 BC-1259 BC	Shang Dynasty
Zu Jia	祖甲	43	1259 BC-1226 BC	Shang Dynasty
Lin Xin	廩辛	44	1266 BC-1220 BC	Shang Dynasty
Geng Ding	庚丁	45	1220 BC-1199 BC	Shang Dynasty
Wu Yi	武乙	46	1199 BC-1195 BC	Shang Dynasty
Wen Wu Ding	文武丁	47	1195 BC-1185 BC	Shang Dynasty
Di Yi	帝乙	48	1185 BC-1155 BC	Shang Dynasty
Di Xin	帝辛	49	1115 BC-1122 BC	Shang Dynasty
Wu of Zhou	武王	50	1122 BC-1116 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Cheng of Zhou	成王	51	1116 BC-1079 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Kang of Zhou	康王	52	1079 BC-1053 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Zhao of Zhou	昭王	53	1053 BC-1002 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Mu of Zhou	穆王	54	1002 BC-947 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Gong of Zhou	共王	55	947 BC-935 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Yih of Zhou	懿王	56	935 BC-910 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Xiao of Zhou	孝王	57	910 BC-895 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Yi of Zhou	夷王	58	895 BC-879 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Li of Zhou	厲王	59	879 BC-841 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Gongbo He	共伯和	60	841 BC-828 BC	Gonghe Regency
Xuan of Zhou	宣王	61	828 BC-782 BC	Zhou Dynasty
You of Zhou	幽王	62	782 BC-771 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Ping of Zhou	平王	63	771 BC-720 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Huan of Zhou	桓王	64	720 BC-697 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Zhuang of Zhou	莊王	65	697 BC-682 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Xi of Zhou	釐王	66	682 BC-677 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Hui of Zhou	惠王	67	677 BC-652 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Xiang of Zhou	襄王	68	652 BC-619 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Qing of Zhou	頃王	69	619 BC-613 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Kuang of Zhou	匡王	70	613 BC-607 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Ding of Zhou	定王	71	607 BC-586 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Jian of Zhou	簡王	72	586 BC-572 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Ling of Zhou	靈王	73	572 BC-545 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Jing of Zhou	景王	74	545 BC-520 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Dao of Zhou	悼王	75	520 BC-520 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Jìng of Zhou	敬王	76	520 BC-476 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Yuan of Zhou	元王	77	476 BC-469 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Zhending of Zhou	貞定王	78	469 BC-441 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Ai of Zhou	哀王	79	441 BC-441 BC	Zhou Dynasty
Si of Zhou	思王	80	441 BC-440 BC	Zhou Dynasty

關係 (Relationships)

朋友 (Friends)

• 印度 - Never really had contact with him, but havings deep philosophies and good medicine. Shame that our modern versions really hate each other's guts.
• 美國 - Perhaps the only western country I like. He helped me build modern railways, opposed the rest of the Eight-Nation Alliance wanting to carve me up, and helped fight Empire of Japan. But like the above, our modern versions are at each other's throats.

敵人 (Enemies)

• 匈奴 - I build a wall… Mongol is break it, you stupid MONGOL, my wall has farren…

如何畫 (How to draw)

"China" (中國) in traditional format

China has a drawing rating of intermediate.

1. Draw a ball.
2. Fill it with yellow.
3. Inside the ball, write 中 in darker yellow, below it write 國 also in darker yellow.
4. Add Chinese eyes and you're done!
5. Add a rice hat (optional)

Color Name		HEX
	Yellow	#FFD100
	Darker Yellow	#FFB800